Breaking The Law Should Not Be Broken - 1856 Words

In the recent discussions of laws, an issue has arisen about the correctness of breaking laws. On one hand, some argue that breaking any laws would create a state of anarchy, and as such, needs to be avoided at all cost. On the other hand, there are people who argue that breaking the law is necessary to the improvement of our world. They say that the only way for people to understand the wrongness of a law, the law must be broken. In short, the issue is whether breaking the law should or should not be done. My own view is that non-utilitarian laws must be broken but the consequences of breaking such laws must also be followed. Socrates presented a concept about which laws should be followed and which should not. While talking to his friend Crito, after being sentenced to death, in The Crito, Socrates talks about ideas, saying that, â€Å"one should regard the good ones and not the bad† (Plato 263). Socrates believes that when talking to people, one must always be on the watch for lies or misconceptions. He believes that when there are false beliefs, those beliefs need to be ignored and rejected. Because of all the possible ways that bad ideas can get into a conversation, one must always listen to words with a grain of salt. By extension, as laws are created by the ideas of people, there are laws that should be disregarded and all laws need to be accepted with grains of salt. Though I agree that bad ideas, and by extension bad laws, should never be treated as truths are treated,Show MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Direct Action794 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the people that surround you there isn’t enough being done to create great impacts on those who disagree with you and your tactics. If you want to fight so much for what you believe then there should be more being done then protesting, blaming the cops, and more than just â€Å"direct action.† You should be writing letters to people to change their attitudes and aspects on African Americans not writing a letter to attempt to change my perspective on what you do. The forms of taking direct actionRead MoreDr. King s Letter From Birmingham Jail1342 Words   |  6 Pagesthat of the clergymen’s anxiety about him breaking the law. King addresses the question of, â€Å"How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others?† by clarifying that there are just and unjust laws. He also goes on to explain the difference between the two, the effect of unjust laws on the people that they are aimed towards, as well as examples of such laws. Furthermore, he explains why they should be broken and gives examples of when they’ve been broken in the past with the usage of civil disobedienceRead MoreSanctions And The Level Of Sanctions886 Words   |  4 Pagescalled folkways, mores, taboo, and sometimes laws. These serve as guiding paths for which people attempt to follow. Each of these are sanctioned in different ways and are commonly expected to be followed. One important thing to remember is that many things are found to be based a round a bell shape curve known as a normal distribution. There is the average but there are always people that deviate from the average. This is where we find these norms broken. The loosest norm is the folkway. FolkwaysRead MoreWhen Is It Appropriate For Break The Law?1426 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Is It Appropriate To Break The Law? : Essay #1 When is it appropriate to break the law? I would like to answer that question with a question; is it just to break any law at all? Given a certain situation with a certain motive that compels one to do so with no other alternative, yes. The answer to this complex yet simple controversial question feeds on exactly what is a law defined as and why are they created. I will be defining the term listing the qualifications anyone must hold and maintainRead MoreBroken Window Theory1232 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Alex Richards 11/10/14 Criminology Broken windows theory Abstract The broken window theory is a form of law that stops serious and non violent crimes, which can be reduced crime in urban cities. This strict enforcement is to stop non violent crimes such as skipping school, graffiti, vandalism and not paying fair. This law was first introduced in New York City in 1980, ever since the level of crimes has dropped even violent crimesRead MoreThe Fall Of Lehman Brothers1718 Words   |  7 Pagesthe beginning of the crash, is whether big banks should be broken up in to smaller more manageable sized institutions. It is something that divides people, there are many differing opinions on how to handle the current financial situation we are surrounded by. Within this essay, some of the key points of view from both sides of the argument will be put forward, analysing both sides will lead the essay to conclude with whether banks should be broken up. The fact is the largest eighty corporationsRead MoreNew Laws Necessary After the Agawa Canyon Disaster Essay630 Words   |  3 PagesCreate five (5) laws needed by the group stranded in Agawa Canyon. The five laws needed by the group stranded in Agawa Canyon to survive until they are rescued are: 1. The decisions of the group is governed by a vote, majority of the votes wins the dispute. If in any case there should be an even number of votes on both sides of the decision, a conference is held where all members must speak their mind on why the decision they chose is correct. If the decision remains at a 50/50 vote, 2. Food,Read MoreBreaking the Law or Civil Desobedience Essay example1642 Words   |  7 Pagesweak started it. Their actions proved it. Disobeying a law is a crime that the offender should be willing to take the punishment for and let his sacrifice be used as a point to rally around to create a just, moral change. Whenever a law is deemed unjust, there is good reason for breaking it to achieve justice. Civil Disobedience will never be legal and those who employ it should be willing to accept the penalty that comes with breaking a law. It has been shown through historic cases, modern examplesRead MoreEthical Problems1395 Words   |  6 Pagessoftware programs like Photoshop and Microsoft office. The scenario I will present below shows the effects of software piracy and explain why it is unethical to download and use anything you do not have the rights to especially if it was obtained by breaking the law. Software Piracy Scenario Emanuel is a freshman college student at the University of Maryland. He lives on campus and lives on a fixed income. One of his classes requires a lot research and time to complete his assignments. Emanuel has hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail986 Words   |  4 Pageshistory. In Lincoln’s speech he speaks about the dangers of slavery in the United States and warned everybody that people who disrespected American laws could destroy the United States. On the other hand, Martin Luther King Jr. defended the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism, and argued that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws. Based on these facts, Martin Luther King Jr does not agree with Lincoln’s counsel. In Lincoln’s Speech he is developing on the idea that we are

The Political Process Has Consumed My Time At Columbia Essay

The political process has consumed my time at Columbia. From a very young age, I knew that I wanted to be involved in one day being a leader that constructs policy. With this calling in mind, I have always been a fan of political history. There have been many great achievements in the realm of domestic politics and foreign policy, but there are also examples of extraordinary failure. These failures demonstrate what works when one seeks to build a team and make decisions that affect the lives of millions of people. One such failure that comes to mind is the failed Bay of Pigs invasion. The invasion was a plan to topple the Cuban government, with a group of Cuban expatriates with the support of the U.S. government. The invasion was a complete failure. Although Kennedy was known to have a cabinet and set of advisors, which came from the best schools and were supposed to be the best in the business they failed to notice even the most obvious flaws in their plan. In short, there were numerous flaws, ranging from the expected reaction of the Cuban populace, the capacity of the Cuban military and all around faulty intelligence. In fact, many of these issues were never even addressed, while the plan was being discussed. Many of these issues were based on faulty intelligence, which was never questioned. Irving Janis, wrote a book called Group Think, which examined these fiascos like these along with many others. The premise was simple, why do groups of what we consider very smartShow MoreRelatedWomen’s Suffrage Movement in America Essay2480 Words   |  10 Pagesin to the polling room, gave my name and identification, and was handed a voting sheet just as I had every other time I went to vote. I think this was the first time that I really contemplated about how lucky I was to live in a time where my voice has meaning. So many of my friends ask me â€Å"why do you vote, it doesn’t matter† and to me it is this kind of attitude that we need to as a society reflect on and regroup our thoughts on this issue. We forget that their was once a time that woman were not onlyRead MoreCaribbean Crucible: History, Culture, and Globalization4302 Words   |  18 Pagesin the search for profits, commercial activity has recently spread to every corner of the earth. We observe that the continual movement of humans across borders results in new forms of hybrid and creolized cultures. And, we feel that the world around us is moving faster and faster: the rapid circulation of images and information, the advent of cheap long-distance travel, and the a ttendant quickened workplace demands all give us the impression that time is actually speeding up. Rather than the beginningRead MoreMarketing mix of a beer company3104 Words   |  13 PagesOperation on the Black Sheep Brewery 9 3.1 Social/Culture 10 3.2 Legal 10 3.3 Economic 11 3.4 Political 11 3.5 Technical 12 3.6 Competitors 12 Introduction It was in October 1992 when The Black Sheep Brewery beers first made an appearance in pubs in and around the Yorkshire Dales. The delivery of those first casks of beer over ten years ago began a new era for Paul Theakston, whose family has brewed in Masham for five generations. It also allowed him to put behind him the heartache left byRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pages | Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English philosopher, scientist, engineer, and political economist. In his day his works were important in popularizing the concept of evolution and played an important part in the development of economics, political science, biology, and philosophy. Herbert Spencer was born in Derby on April 27, 1820. His childhood, described in An Autobiography (1904), reflected the attitudes ofRead More My Friend Hamilton -Who I shot Essay6642 Words   |  27 Pagesday of this tragic duel, contemporaries and historians have puzzled over why these two prominent American statesmen confronted each other on the Plains of Weehawken. What circumstances or events could have motivated two of the most brilliant political minds in America to endanger their lives and reputations by taking aim at each other on that dismal day? The recent historiography of the event can be divided into two schools which I shall denote as the â€Å"contextual† school and the â€Å"psycho-historical†Read MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?3059 Words   |  13 Pagesalthough legal in 20 states and the District of Columbia for medical purposes and 2 states for medical and recreational purposes is still federally illegal and is considered by the United States a scheduled 1 drug. This means that according to the United States, via the Controlled Substances Act, marijuana has been found to fit the following three categories; The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse, the drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment inRead MoreJudy Chicago Dinner Party Essay6539 Words   |  27 Pageshistory and mythology who might live together in this Cità © des Dames. Almost exactly four centuries later, the American sculptor and feminist Harriet Hosmer envisioned a beautiful temple dedicated to the achievements of women. Now such a grand idea has been realized. Judy Chicagos Dinner Party, which opened at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in March 1979, is a synthesis of the decorative and fine arts; it is theater, literature, history; it is a complex set of ideas; it is monumental inRead MoreDantes3100 Words   |  13 Pagesdifficult Shakespearean works in my opion to stage, from its stormy, chaotic first scene to its sureality to its ambiguous resolution, with Prospero facing his silent, treacherous brother and renouncing the power that has made every action in the story possible. Potent language remains the central force and mystery of this fathomless play. Prospero speaks almost a third of the lines in The Tempest, and controls the amount of speech every other character on the island has through manipulation and magicRead MoreCase Study Essay10964 Words   |  44 Pagesof Patagonia, and senior executives wer in intense re discussions about the future of the co ompany. They were wrestling with the challenge of im mplementing a new, radical environmental initiativ that was at the forefront of their agenda. ve At the time, Patagonia was known as a worldwide leader of environmentally responsib business. n ble Forbes magazine named it â€Å"the d do-no-evil† outdoor-apparel company,3 and Fortun Magazine ne described how founder Yvon Chou uinard turned â€Å"his passion for theRead MoreDoes Tv Have a Negative Influence on Society7652 Words   |  31 Pagesday. Based on this, by age 65, the average U.S. citizen will have spent nearly 9, nonstop, 24 hour-a-day  years  glued to the tube.   54% of 4-6 year-olds who, when asked to choose between watching TV and spending time with their fathers, said they would prefer to watch television   It has been shown that children who watch TV more than 10 hours a week suffer negative academic effect Television Teaches Us To Be Passive Lemmings One of the most insidious negative effects of television is that it teaches

Macbeth Persona Essay Example For Students

Macbeth Persona Essay What is a Country to Do?In recent times, the throne of Scotland has been filled with very small men. Theseso-called sovereigns have abused their God given power to their own pitiful ends insteadof using it the way it was meant to. They spend our taxes foolishly so that they can live insplendor, chase their enemies to the grave, and insure that the common man cannot riseagainst them. They live in fear of falling from power to the point where any who questionthem are imprisoned, killed, or simply disappear. It is only because we are currentlybetween kings that I feel safe to speak my mind on the subject. These half-baked monarchssit in chairs of inscrutable power, hiding behind walls built on the backs of those they aremeant to serve, their days filled with plans to cement their positions as absolute rulers ofHeaven and Earth. In this edition of my column I beseech the people reading this to take astand against the corrupt nobles and demand that we get the king that this land of ours h asneeded for so long. The one who we trust with the appointment of governing us must stand up to acertain measure in my opinion. He must be no more important than any other man underGod, but he must also be able to fill the duty that no other is qualified for. I have a list ofspecific qualities that such a man must posses if he wishes to be my king, here in this issueis that list. The man who is to be king must be both loved and respected by the people. He mustdo what he can to please them but not give in to shameless gimmicks to appear that he isdoing what is right. He must be a role model to our children and an inspiration to us all. Hemust listen to the plights of his people and do what is in reason to fix the problems that weface on a daily basis. The one who is to be king must be always ready to change his policies, but not tothe whim of popular opinion. He must be flexible, after all, if the mast of a ship cannot bebent in the wind then it shall crack and break under the force of a major squall. He mustnthave his ideals so set in stone that they would be the undoing of the nation, for his voicespeaks to others for us. He must be able to handle many affairs at once, both domestic and international, buthe must also know when to delegate his work load so that he is not commanding our armyand sweeping the streets at the same time. He must have a team of trusted advisors whoseopinions are appreciated but not always taken at face value. He must be a family man to insure that his bloodline is safe to avoid a scrambleamong the nobles for power on his deathbed. He must at all costs be noble and faithful tohis wife so that there is never a scandal that would disgrace himself or his country. Inraising his children, he must instill in them the same standards that he himself lives up to. He must prepare his sons fully for the task that one of them must undertake when he has pastto God. The man who wears the crown must do so, proudly, during the best of times and theworst of times. For any man can do his job when it is pleasant and calm, but he proveshimself when the day turns on him. The fates can bring us many things such as war, famine, and pestilence, our king needs to stand unfaltered to all of these and more without thethrone getting uncomfortable. He must be able to meet with triumph or disaster, and treatthose two impostors just the same. He must be able to forget that he is a man so that he doesnt spend his days plottingthe demise of his enemies. He must not be spiteful but also bring real traitors to the hand ofjustice. He must be fair when dealing with those that would defy him and never act toorashly when dealing with such men. He must be able to know when he is at fault. Too many kings mistake themselvesfor being as infallible as God, and react as such as soon as someone tries to question them. .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654 , .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654 .postImageUrl , .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654 , .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654:hover , .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654:visited , .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654:active { border:0!important; } .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654:active , .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654 .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9ca91d68896946f8f20ec543061b2654:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Salem witch trials EssayAs a journalist, my colleagues and I feel this more than others. I can remember far too manyof my friends being thrown in prison just for saying an unfavorable word about the king. While he should not be an object of ridicule, he should be able to accept the criticism andright himself without biting back. Many of the items on this list have opposing stipulations, that is the whole point. The king must not lean too far to the right or left, he must stay more or less in the center. For he is the representative for our country and must therefore show the average of whatpeople think. That is why we must search far and wide for a man who meets thisdescription, if we do not take a stand we have only ourselves to blame.

Legallization Of Marijuana (Anti) Essays - Cannabis, Herbalism

Legallization Of Marijuana (Anti) Drug use is becoming more common today than in recent years. Almost anywhere we look, we can find some relation to drugs or drug paraphernalia. In fact, 63% of you stated in my survey that you had smoked marijuana in the past. That number is scary, since 81% of you are under 25 years of age and have your whole lives ahead of you. Some of you may be thinking So What Bill Clinton has admitted smoking marijuana, and he is President. Well, that surely is not a good attitude to have considering the damage that marijuana may cause to your body. Sure, many of you may not change your lifestyle after today, but I hope to make you think of what you may be getting yourself in to. This afternoon I will give you both sides of the issue. I will try to persuade you to stay away from marijuana in turning you against this dangerous drug. Many supporters of marijuana claim that hemp can be a very resourceful plant. Hemp is considered to contain less than one percent tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) (Pluff 1). THC is the psychoactive chemical found in marijuana. Hemp can be confused with marijuana and considered the same, but do not let this fool you. Marijuana comes from the flowers or buds of the hemp plant. These buds are what contains the THC and gives the user the high effect (Pluff 1). Other nations such as Europe have registered varieties of hemp seeds that contain less than .03 percent of THC including the buds (Pluff 1). Now that you know what hemp is, lets look at its uses. Hemp fiber can be turned in to rope, canvas, and paper, and this is only a few of the uses. The rope that is made with hemp is said to be resistant to both fresh water and salt water. It is also considered better than most conventional rope by its strength and holding power. Another product that can be made from hemp is canvas. This canvas is very useful in making tents, sails, and even the covers on early settlers' wagons. Like the rope, the canvas also stands up well against water, and ninety percent of ship's sails were made of hemp canvas before the nineteenth century. The last product I am going to talk about is hemp paper. This paper is much softer than conventional paper, and it is stated that, one acre of hemp can replace four acres of forest (Pluff 2). This paper also does not yellow or crumble with age, a common complaint with conventional paper (Pluff 1). You may be wondering why such a useful plant is illegal, well let me tell you the other side of the story. Marijuana is said to be useful in the medical field as a cure for some disease. It is also an argument that smoking marijuana does not cause any side affects. I will prove this to be untrue, and a myth of society. The first claim by the supporters of marijuana is for medical reasons. Through much research doctors have found that marijuana may be a treatment for such illnesses as glaucoma, cancer, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In fact, Proposition 215 just passed in California and Arizona giving citizens the right to smoke marijuana for medical reasons (Medical 1). One thing that is overlooked with this is that marijuana is not a cure, but a relief from the pain suffered by these citizens. If it is a relief from pain the sufferer is looking for, there are many other options to consider before choosing something as dangerous as marijuana. It only takes a little common sense to figure that something that is considered illegal by the Federal Government could not be used as a cure for any illness. Wisconsin lists marijuana under Schedule I of the Uniformed Controlled Substance Act. This means that any drugs under Schedule I, including marijuana, are not useful in curing any known illness. Schedule I is also where all the most serious drugs are listed. This puts marijuana in the same class with heroin and cocaine. Another problem with marijuana is the affects on the male and female body. One way

Marketing Blog Example

Marketing Blog Example Marketing Blog – Article Example Pricing Strategy Pricing Strategy Given the different demographic characteristics of consumers in the market, marketers are normally faced with difficult situations when they want to make prices for every consumer in the market. For this reason, there is a high tendency by the marketers to group consumers into different segments using the different consumer characteristics, hence coming up with different segments of customers, sometimes known as market segments (Salin, 2012). After a market has been divided I to different segments, there is need to differentiate the products into different forms and sizes that will meet the needs of different market segments. This therefore calls for product differentiation to fit every consumer’s needs. Differentiation makes products to be in different forms and sizes, hence, different prices will apply. In real life, Coca Cola products in the city centers are normally sold in big sizes of containers such as of 10liters, 5 liters, or 2 liters . However, in the remote villages, one will only find these products being sold in small sizes such us in 1 liter, 500ml, 300ml or even smaller quantities. This phenomenon does not just happen by chance, but through critical pricing strategies by marketing managers. Marketing managers have divided the market into segments and identified that consumers in the city centers have a lot of disposable income, hence purchase in bigger quantities. However, the consumers in the villages may be having no or little income, hence can only be able to purchase in smaller quantities. These differences in quantities also have differences in prices tied to them. ReferenceSalin. (2012). Pricing Strategy. Economic Times , 1-2.

Profile of Pakistans ISI (Inter-Services Intelligence)

Profile of Pakistan's ISI (Inter-Services Intelligence) Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) is the country’s largest of its five intelligence services. It is a controversial, sometimes rogue organization that Benazir Bhutto, the late Pakistani prime minister, once termed a â€Å"state within a state† for its tendency to operate outside of the Pakistani government’s control and at cross-purposes with American anti-terror policy in South Asia. The International Business Times ranked the ISI as the top intelligence agency in the world in 2011. How the ISI Became so Powerful The ISI became that â€Å"state within a state† only after 1979, largely thanks to billions of dollars in American and Saudi aid and armament covertly channeled exclusively through the ISI to the mujahideen of Afghanistan to fight the Soviet occupation of that country in the 1980s. Muhammad Zia ul-Haq, Pakistans military dictator from 1977-1988 and the countrys first Islamist leader, had positioned himself as the indispensable ally of American interests against Soviet expansion in South Asia and the ISI as the indispensable clearinghouse through which all aid and armament would flow. Zia, not the CIA, decided what insurgent groups got what. The arrangement was to have far-reaching implications the CIA didnt foresee, making Zia and the ISI the unlikely (and, in retrospect, disastrous) hinge of U.S. policy in South Asia. The ISI’s Complicity With the Taliban For their part, Pakistan’s leaders- Zia, Bhutto and Pervez Musharraf among them- seldom hesitated to use the ISI’s double-dealing skills to their advantage. That’s especially true regarding Pakistan’s relationship with the Taliban, which the ISI helped create in the mid-1990s and subsequently finance, arm and keep in business as a hedge against India’s influence in Afghanistan. Either directly or indirectly, the ISI has never stopped supporting the Taliban, even after 2001 when Pakistan ostensibly became an ally of the United States in the war on al-Qaeda and the Taliban. â€Å"Thus,† British-Pakistani journalist Ahmad Rashid wrote in Descent Into Chaos, Rashid’s analysis of the failed American mission in South Asia between 2001 and 2008, â€Å"even as some ISI officers were helping U.S. officers locate Taliban targets for U.S. bombers [in 2002], other ISI officers were pumping in fresh armaments to the Taliban. On the Afghan side of the border, [Northern Alliance] intelligence operatives compiled lists of the arriving ISI trucks and handed them to the CIA.† Similar patterns continue to this day, especially on the Afghan-Pakistani border, where Taliban militants are believed often to be tipped off by ISI operatives of impending American military action. A Call for the ISI’s Dismantling As a report by the Defense Academy, a British Ministry of Defense think tank, concluded in 2006, â€Å"Indirectly, Pakistan [through the ISI] has been supporting terrorism and extremism- whether in London on 7/7 or in Afghanistan or Iraq.† The report called for the dismantling of the ISI. In July 2008, the Pakistani government attempted to bring the ISI under civilian rule. The decision was reversed within hours, thus underscoring the power of the ISI and the weakness of the civilian government. On paper (according to the Pakistani Constitution), the ISI is answerable to the prime minister. In reality, the ISI is officially and effectively a branch of the Pakistani military, itself a semi-autonomous institution that has either overthrown Pakistan’s civilian leadership or ruled over the country for most of its independence since 1947. Located in Islamabad, the ISI boasts a staff of tens of thousands, much of it army officers and enlisted men, but its reach is much more vast. It exercises that reach through retired ISI agents and militants under its influence or patronage- including the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and several extremists groups in Kashmir, the province Pakistan and India have been disputing for decades. The ISI’s Complicity With al-Qaeda â€Å"By the fall of 1998,† Steve Coll writes in Ghost Wars, a history of the CIA and al-Qaeda in Afghanistan since 1979, â€Å"CIA and other American intelligence reporting had documented many links between ISI, the Taliban, [Osama] bin Laden and other Islamic militants operating from Afghanistan. Classified American reporting showed that Pakistani intelligence maintained about eight stations inside Afghanistan, staffed by active ISI officers or retired officers on contract. CIA reporting showed that Pakistani intelligence officers at about the colonel level met with bin Laden or his representatives to coordinate access to training camps for volunteer fighters headed for Kashmir.† Pakistan’s Overriding Interests in South Asia The pattern reflected Pakistan’s agenda in the late 1990s, which has changed little in subsequent years: Bleed India in Kashmir and ensure Pakistani influence in Afghanistan, where Iran and India also compete for influence. Those are the controlling factors that explain Pakistan’s apparently schizophrenic relationship with the Taliban: bombing it in one place while propping it up in another. Should American and NATO forces withdraw from Afghanistan (just as American aid ended after the Soviet withdrawal from that country in 1988), Pakistan doesn’t want to find itself without a controlling hand there. Supporting the Taliban is Pakistan’s insurance policy against a repeat of American withdrawal at the end of the cold war. â€Å"Today,† Benazir Bhutto said in one of her last interviews  in 2007, â€Å"its not just the intelligence services who were previously called a state within a state. Today, its the militants who are becoming yet another little state within the state, and this is leading some people to say that Pakistan is on the slippery slope of being called a failed state. But this is a crisis for Pakistan, that unless we deal with the extremists and the terrorists, our entire state could founder.† Pakistan’s successive governments, in large part through the ISI, created the now seemingly out-of-control conditions that prevail in Pakistan that enable the Taliban, al-Qaeda offshoot al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS) and other militant groups to call the northwestern part of the country their sanctuary.

Cost Variance in Healthcare Organizations Research Paper

Cost Variance in Healthcare Organizations - Research Paper Example Like other healthcare organizations, the budget management in this healthcare organization is said to be underdeveloped. This is the reason why we have identified it for the analysis so that we can make possible recommendations. Strategies of Managing Budgets Within Forecast Managing budgets within forecasts is significant in revenue attainment and costs containment. However, ensuring that budgets remain within forecasts is not an easy task. Moreover, budget forecasts are not always accurate in terms of budgetary estimates they give. This makes designing of a strategic budgets management approach to be a necessity in healthcare organizations. In this healthcare organization, specific strategies exist for managing budgets within forecasts. These strategies vary both in their characteristics and in applicability. However, the majority of them are applicable in healthcare organizations like the one identified in this paper. One of the strategies that could be significant in managing bud gets within forecasts is the use of both quantitative and qualitative approaches during forecasting. According to Cole (2003), quantitative approach uses numeric data such as statistics and the accounting data to draw projections. Qualitative approach, on the other hand, uses explicit assumptions and individual judgments about the assumptions to draw conclusions (Cole, 2003). Combination of these two approaches, when looking for budget forecast estimates, assists in obtaining the most accurate and unbiased estimates. These estimates guide the actions taken to maintain the budget within the forecasts. As a result, the strategy could help in managing the budgets within forecasts. The interval which the forecast is based on is significant in obtaining accurate estimates from the forecast. Another strategy that could be adapted to manage budgets within forecasts is the use of small intervals when forecasting. The strategy can be implemented by use of a rolling forecast produced on a qua rterly basis to provide a full-year outlook (Dressler, 2004). An approach that uses short intervals like this one can promote obtaining of more accurate forecasts. Moreover, it can provide forecast estimates that could be obtained from within the large interval forecasts. This could greatly assist in managing budgets within forecasts, thus promoting operability of the organization. According to Cokins (2006), budgeting and financial planning are confusing to many organizations. As a result, many organizations in different industries find it difficult to integrate the two as organizational management. A strategy of employing budgeting together with financial planning in management of an organization is another strategy that could help in managing budgets within forecasts. Financial planning would assist in the drawing of accurate forecasts while budgeting would be assisting in maintaining the spending within the forecasts. However, for this to be achieved, these two aspects must be u sed in an integrated manner. Otherwise, they would not be able to supplement each other, thus failing to achieve their objectives. Expense Results With Budget Expectation Healthcare organizations have several expense results. Each of the results has its own budget expectation. Five of the most significant expense results of healthcare organizations such as the one identified in this paper are salary and wages expenses,

Uses Humourous tactics ( report ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Uses Humourous tactics ( report ) - Essay Example online advertisement for the brand Kohler, a manufacturer of household plumbing products, is being addressed for its successes or failures in areas of communications and persuasion. The advertisement being described depicts an attractive female plumber, who passes by a rather ordinary-looking young man on her way to take care of a plumbing problem in an adjacent building. As she passes, she smiles at the man who is delighted by what he sees and runs into his bathroom. Upon entering, in an attempt to make the toilet clogged, he begins pouring candles, rags, plastic flowers, plastic grooming product containers and even dog food into the toilet. To his amazement, the toilet fails to clog and he is obviously upset that he might never see the female plumber again as he cannot create a legitimate clog to beg for her services. The basic marketing communication model provided by Chitty et al. describes the process flow of attempting to send a singular message about a particular brand. Under this model, the source, in this case Kohler brand, seeks out a specific communication objective. The communication objective for Kohler is to express the quality, no-clog feature of their higher-end toilet products. This objective builds consumer awareness of this durability feature by creating a rather short message (advertisement) in order to persuade potential customers to favour Kohler brand over other models. The Chitty et al. communication model further reinforces the importance of selecting the proper media channel in order to deliver the message successfully. In this case, Kohler has chosen the on-air television advertisement and the Internet in order to create consumer interest or online buzz about the product. This model further describes the importance of understanding the proper audience to deliver the message, the target audience identified after segmentation of homogenous markets most likely to respond to the message. In this situation, the chosen receiver for the

Trust Builders in a Sales Person Essay Example for Free

Trust Builders in a Sales Person Essay Trust is the binding force of great relationships. This leads to greater cooperation and better solutions, especially in sales and customer service situations. When trust increases, communication is more effective and understanding in enhanced. Since most people won’t buy from someone they don’t trust, building and maintaining a strong bond of trust is essential for developing long term customer satisfaction and loyalty. Customers believe in getting the best and feeling comfortable with what they have received. Having a long term customer takes more than good customer service. Sales representatives of any company need to have the â€Å"trust-builders† characteristics to help them build strong relationships with clients. In the end this will help the overall profitability of the company. The first characteristic is expertise; this is the extent to which a salesperson possesses relevant knowledge and capability to get the job done right. An example is Digicel, their sales persons are well trained and equipped with relevant information and knowledge of their prices and sale promotions. Customers can ask a salesperson about a promotion and when the customer research for themselves, it is accurate. This builds trust, when a salesperson shows competence and knowledge. This has pushed Digicel to be the top efficient service provider of telecommunication in Jamaica. Second characteristic is dependability; this is the extent to which a salesperson consistently and predictably follows through on commitments he/she makes to others. Digicel sales practices indicates this when they offer free nights promotion to customers. This promotion was always offered once a customer puts on two hundred dollars before 9pm. This allows customers to depend on what Digicel said they would deliver. Candor is the third characteristic of a trust-builder type; it is the extent to which a salesperson is honest and upfront with others, especially with regard to issues/factors that may impact those others. Digicel portraits this by allowing their sales personnel or customer care agent to tell customer the truth when they are having technical problems, they even go as far as sending out texts to inform and apologise for the disruptions. The fourth trust-builder type is customer orientation; this is the extent to which a salesperson values and protects the interests of his/her customers. Digicel trained their salespersons to show empathy while adding value and giving back to the customer’s community and even their lives. Encouraging rebuilding of schools, community centers and developing public areas push customers to trust and build long term relationship with Digicel. The fifth trust-builder is likeability; this is the affection customers have towards you. There are many factors that contribute to how likeable you are as a person, but in the context of relationships with your customers, these factors encompass courtesy, respect, remembering names and key facts, treating each customer as special, and being interested in them and their lives. Digicel depicts this in their advertisements and when a sale agent is speaking to you. They ensured Jamaican culture and people are portrayed in their ads. They also ensure high quality service by asking for your name and throughout the conversation they refer to you by your name.

Differences in Absentees in the Workplace between Smokers and Non-smokers :: essays research papers

The unit of observations were random samples of twenty-five various employees divided into two distinct, independent populations, smokers and non-smokers. Then data on their absences from work for the previous year were obtained and used in this statistical inference. Because of a strong association between smoking and ill-health, it is generally accepted that smokers miss more work than their non-smoking counterparts. Does the smoker miss more work than the non-smoker? Data from these random samples were used to draw a conclusion†¦. SMOKERSDATA **VERSUS**DEFINITION NON-SMOKERSTABLE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unit of Observation: Smoking and Non-Smoking Employees  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Variable Name:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Definition:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unit of Measurement:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Data Source: Smoker   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employee   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Days Absent in Past Year   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://lad.org/issues/4/horizon.html;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Smokes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   July 11, 2000   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Non-Smoker   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employee Does   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Days Absent in Past Year   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://lad.org/issues/4/horizon.html;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   NOT Smoke   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   July 11, 2000 RANDOMDATA SAMPLESLISTING   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smokers:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Absentees:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Non-Smokers:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Absentees:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  17  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  19  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  21  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 13  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 13  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 15  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 15  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 16  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 16  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 17  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  24  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 17  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 18  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 18  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 19  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 19  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 20  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 20  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 21  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 21  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 22  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 22  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 24  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  19  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 24  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee 25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mean:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11.6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mean:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8.76  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Standard Deviation:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.110100927  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Standard Deviation:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.352011029  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Variances:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  37.33333333  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Variances:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18.94  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SOURCE: http://lad.org/issues/News/4/horizon.html; July 11, 2000 STATISTICAL ANALYSISOUTPUT F-Test Two-Sample for Variances  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smokers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Non-Smokers Mean  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11.6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8.76 Standard Deviation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.110100927  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.352011029 Variance  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  37.33333333  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18.94 Observations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25 df  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  24  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  24 F  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.971136924  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   P(F F Critical one-tail  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.983757159  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smokers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Non-Smokers Mean  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11.6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8.76 Variance  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  37.33333333  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18.94 Observations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25 Pooled Variance  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28.13666667  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hypothesized Mean Difference  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   df  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  48  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   t Stat  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.892940764  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   P(T t Critical one-tail  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.677224191  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   P(T t Critical two-tail  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.01063358  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CAN WE ACCEPT THESTATISTICAL NULL HYPOTHESISANALYSIS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The data source used in this inference was found through a search engine, http://www.google.com. After hours of surfing the web and grueling through mounds of data I used two of the random samples found at http://lad.org/issues/News/horizon.html. For this statistical inference, the question was whether the means were truly different or could they have been samples from the same population. To do draw a conclusion, we must first assume normal distribution. We must also set the null hypothesis to m1 - m2 = 0. And per this assignment we must set the a-level at .05 and the hypothesis alternative to m1 - m2  ¹ 0; thus requiring a two-tailed test. The random samples have a mean of 11.6 days absent for the smoker and 8.76 days absent for the non-smoker. All of my calculations were done using the data analysis tool in Excel but can be done manually with given equations: Sample Mean ( ):   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  n = sample size The variances of each sample are 37.33333333 for the smoking population and 18.94 for the non-smoking population. Their standard deviations are 6.

Chinese Civilization

The brilliant culture of the Chinese empire definitely had many contributions that are still being used in the world today. China's first civilization, like the other civilizations in the past, developed along a great river which was a great factor to the rise of this civilization is called the Yellow River. It begins in the mountains of western China and forms a huge look as It flows 3,000 to the Yellow river. The Yellow river regularly overflows In its banks and leaves rich soil which was a great contribution for the success of this civilization.However, spite the achievements and contributions, disastrous floods were common. According to the legend, the Ixia (Hiss) dynasty was started about 2,000 B. C. By You, a great hero. It was said that he was supposedly able to device a way to control the flooding waters in the Yellow River so that the farmers could still live in the valley. What if no one had discovered a way to control the flooding? Would there still have been a Chinese civ ilization or would it have led to its downfall at an instant?Many dynasties emerged in China each with different rulers and a mix of unity ND disunity, lawlessness, war, violence, and prosperity. The early rules of these dynasties were thought to be â€Å"sons of heaven† who were given the â€Å"mandate of heaven† which the approval of the gods to rule as long as they ruled well. According to tradition, the Ixia rulers were so cruel and abused their power which Is why they lost their mandate of heaven to the Shank dynasty.Based on the dynasties, many of the early rulers controlled small states near the Yellow river but Influenced a larger area. Also, many dynasties were at constant war with neighboring people, corruption as rampant, people were forced to pay high taxes and natural disasters and calamities were the main causes for the downfall of many dynasties. There were many contributions and important developments in society during the Chinese civilization. These in cluded tools and weapons made from stone, bone, and wood.Bronze was made into objects used by rulers and priests in religious rituals and ceremonies. Agriculture, technology, trade, and transportation all were undergoing changes at that time. Metalworkers learned how to make sturdy plows and sharp weapons. Canals for shipping were built (which shows the importance of he Yellow river In trade), and irrigation systems were developed. Also, in order to protect themselves, the Chinese constructed the Great Wall during the SQL dynasty but eventually killed many people.Furthermore, many new Ideas such as the knowledge of iron working, domestication of animals, horseback riding, and nomadic In addition to that, a teaching that developed during those periods was Confucianism. It developed from the teachings of the Confucius who was considered the greatest philosopher and teacher. He was concerned with questions of ethics and morality in terms of politics. According to Confucius, each person had a specific place in society and certain duties and responsibilities to fulfill.

Internet censorship Essay

INTERNET CENSORSHIP Internet censorship is subjected to governmental control to keep programmes inoffensive to the public. It controls the ideas and information in a society. The question is if government should be allowed full authority on the internet. Is it completely fine to allow the government to decide the information we access and does this infringe on the rights of freedom and speech? First of all, there are the people who side with internet censorship. There is certain vulgar and offensive material put on the internet which can cause divisions between the society and offend some of the people. For example, videos and articles against a religion or culture can cause problems between citizens within a nation and so such information has to be censored. Censoring material that insults a religion helps protect society from disputes and thus doesn’t qualify to be called stealing someone’s rights. Moreover, censorship is important to keep children from corrupting their minds. Inappropri ate videos and images put on the internet can be seen by the youth which is why this material should be removed by censoring. This act by the government ensures children don’t get to see vulgar material which can destroy their innocence. So, in a sense, government helps to protect children and in this case freedom of such information cannot count as it is too mature for children. Furthermore, some people argue that internet censorship is necessary to preserve national security. Without censorship, it is impossible to maintain secrecy of information and protect it from enemies that can use it against the nation. Adding on, other forms of illegal material being communicated are stopped by censorship. Illegal downloading of copyrighted content is a crime and internet censorship helps the government to catch criminals that indulge themselves in this act. As well, e-mail containing dangerous information like bomb plans have no right to be spread around the internet and so discarding them is the right thing to do. This shows that the government does not violate rights of freedom of speech by actually prote cting its public from threatening information. However, others think that internet censorship is a violation to rights of freedom of speech. It limits free access to information which causes the society to foster ignorance in its citizens. Through this ignorance, people would not have knowledge and awareness on issues that take place around their environment. this is not  fair as everyone should have the right to full access to information on the internet. Additionally, there is the history of censorship abuse. The government can remove certain material that gives a bad image of it to the public meaning people have no freedom to criticize the government or voice their opinions. In this corrupt information can also be spread around the internet by the government and this gives wrong information to the public. In China, for example, videos and articles on human rights violation are blocked by the government from the eyes of the world. If people cannot freely express their opinions on such critical subjects, then there is no use of the internet as it limits freedom of speech. Furthermore, some governments put strict rules on internet usage like blocking social sites from the network. These include facebook and twitter. For instance, in China, facebook is banned and this affects the citizens and people owning facebook. Facebook loses more users from China. Also this limits communication and thus transfer of information is narrowed to usage of phones and letters. People will also find it difficu lt to interact with people outside the nation. This is a serious act against freedom of speech and shows government uses censorship to restrict passing on of information which signifies they have something to hide. In conclusion, government should censor material to the extent where it becomes a threat for the community. Otherwise censorship of material that contains ‘offensive’ vocabulary like breast cancer is limiting freedom of speech as it is accessed by people for knowledge and it is not going to harm anyone. Besides, for child protection, there is already software that is available to block offensive sites. This shows that government has no right to censor the internet by removing material that can actually be helpful to the people. The government misuse its control over the internet to limit people’s ideas and thought capacities which violates freedom of speech and information.

Environmental Issues essay

Environmental Issues essay Environmental Issues essay Environmental Issues essayThe problem of the water pollution is one of the major challenges for people in both developed and developing countries. However, if the water pollution in developed countries is mainly the result of the pollution of groundwater by chemicals used in the industrial production of developed countries, then the water pollution in developing countries is the result of the use of pesticides, other chemicals and the general mistreatment of water resources in the course of agricultural activities. However, in spite of the cause of the water pollution, its negative impact on human health is obvious since water pollution can trigger the emergence of water-borne diseases, such as typhoid, cholera, infectious hepatitis, amoebic dysentery and others.The problem of the persistence of water-borne diseases is the result of the water pollution, which occurs under the impact of several factors, among which human activities play the main part. Human activities are major factor s contributing to the water pollution and causing water-borne diseases (Mortsch, 2003). On the one hand, well-developed countries face the problem of the pollution of ground water by chemicals. The industrial production often leads to the pollution of ground waters by chemicals, which penetrate groundwater. The improper storage or transportation of hazardous materials can also contribute to the water pollution and trigger the development of serious health problems in the population using contaminated groundwater.The development of agriculture also contributes to the water pollution. In this respect, it is worth mentioning such factors as the use of pesticides and other chemicals in farming which may be and often are absorbed by the soil and penetrate groundwater. The contamination of the groundwater by chemicals used in farming is dangerous for human health and can lead to the consistent deterioration of the public health in local communities (Rabinovici, 2004). In addition, agricul ture tends to misuse water and prevent the penetration of dangerous elements into groundwater. For example, wastes of cattle farming need to be processed and stored properly. Otherwise, there is a risk of the water contamination. Similarly, if cattle or poultry die because of some illnesses, remnants of cattle and poultry should be processed properly to prevent the contamination of groundwater. As a result, dangerous elements may penetrate groundwater triggering the spread of an infectious disease in the local area.The impact of the water pollution of health of people can hardly be underestimated. In this regard, it is possible to distinguish short-run negative effects of the water pollution on health of people, such as the spread of infectious disease, and long-run negative effects associated with the long lasting impact of polluted water on human health that leads to the development of chronic disease and the overall deterioration of health and quality of living. In a short run, t he contamination of groundwater with dangerous elements or the poor treatment of water may trigger the spread of infectious diseases in communities using contaminated, polluted water. In this regard, it is possible to distinguish bacterial infections, such as typhoid, cholera, paratyphoid fever, bacillary dysentery; viral infections, including infectious hepatitis, poliomyelitis; and protozoal infections, such as amoebic dysentery (Louis, 2003).In a long run, the impact of polluted water on human health may be even more negative. For example, the lead-polluted water can trigger the development of serious health problems, such as cancer, and the overall contamination of human body by lead. The long lasting exposure of people to lead-contaminated water decreases life expectancy in local communities and causes consistent deterioration of the health of the local population. Other chemical and hazardous elements may have similar negative effects on human health (Benson, Kocagil, Shortle 2000). As a result, the water pollution has a negative impact on human health and various factors mentioned above may lead to different negative effects on human health.The negative impact of the water pollution has a destructive impact not only on the public health but also on the economy of regions affected by the water pollution. For example, many countries located in Africa and Asia with the limited access to the potable water face the problem of outbursts of infectious diseases, such as cholera or typhoid. They cannot cope with these problems because of the water pollution and the resolution of the problem of poor public health caused by infectious diseases starts with the resolution of the problem of the water pollution. At the same time, developed countries also face the problem of the deterioration of the public health because of the poor health conditions associated with the water pollution. In this regard, cases of gastroenterological problems in patients are still quite frequent even in developed countries, because of the water pollution.Therefore, the resolution of health problems associated with the water pollution should start with the improvement of the quality of water and prevention of the water pollution. The prevention of the water pollution should start with the prevention of the penetration of hazardous materials into groundwater. Therefore, companies using and transporting hazardous materials and elements should ensure that those elements will never penetrate groundwater but, instead, they will be processed or recycled safely. At the same time, farmers should also use water resources wisely and prevent the contamination of waters by hazardous elements in the result of farming or using pesticides and other chemicals.However, the fulfillment of the aforementioned program is possible only on the condition of the enhancement of the control over human activities, especially activities of companies using hazardous materials and farmers (Currie ro, 2001). Government regulatory bodies should work hand in hand with non-government organizations, which can help government regulatory agencies to identify cases of the negligence or dangerous use of hazardous elements that lead to the water pollution. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the pubic control is particularly important because it is more effective than government control since public organizations are less bureaucratic and more flexible than government regulatory agencies. In addition, companies and farmers dealing with hazardous materials and contributing consciously or not to the water pollution should grow aware of risks they expose themselves and their community members through the water pollution. In this regard, educational programs and promotion of the water protection can help to increase the consciousness and responsibility of key stakeholders.Thus, today, the problem of the water pollution is one of the main challenges that threaten not only t o the environment but also to the public health. The water pollution can cause infectious diseases and serious, chronic health problems. The major factors contributing to the water pollution are human activities. Therefore, the stricter control over human activities and hazardous materials from the part of the government and public can resolve the problem of the water pollution and its negative   impact on the public health.

Phronesis Definition and Examples

Phronesis Definition and Examples In classical rhetoric, phronesis is prudence or practical wisdom. Adjective: phronetic. In the ethical treatise On Virtues and Vices (sometimes attributed to Aristotle), phronesis is characterized as the wisdom to take counsel, to judge the goods and evils and all the things in life that are desirable and to be avoided, to use all the available goods finely, to behave rightly in society, to observe due occasions, to employ both speech and action with sagacity, to have expert knowledge of all things that are useful (translated by H. Rackam). Etymology:From the Greek, think, understand Practical Wisdom [The] concept of persuasion points . . . to the human capacity for practical judgment. By judgment I mean the mental activity of responding to particular situations in a way that draws upon our sensations, beliefs, and emotions without being dictated by them in any way reducible to a simple rule. This kind of judgment may involve integrating new information into existing patterns of thought, readjusting those patterns to make room for a new perspective, or both. There are several sorts of judgmentlogical, aesthetic, political, and perhaps othersbut the concept I have in mind is linked most closely to what Aristotle called practical wisdom, or phronesis, and what Aquinas discussed as prudence, and it is also linked to our idea of common sense.(Bryan Garsten, Saving Persuasion: A Defense of Rhetoric and Judgment. Harvard Univ. Press, 2006) Phronesis in Speakers and Audiences To the extent that rhetoric is conceived as an art, capable of practical refinement, phronēsis, or practical wisdom, is often considered to be one of the by-products or relational goods enhanced and cultivated through rhetorical conduct. For Aristotle, practical wisdom was one of the rhetorical constituents of ethos. But perhaps most important, this overriding intellectual virtue was also cultivated in audiences through the practice of deliberation. In fact, the methods of invention and argument, along with the vast array of commonplaces and topoi, may all be conceived as devices for the enhancement of phronēsis in speakers and audiences.(Thomas B. Farrell, Phronēsis. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication from Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by Theresa Enos. Routledge, 1996) Phronesis and Invented Ethos Reasoning persuades because we think it is a sign of character. No one infers that because someone is a doctor and knows health, that the doctor is therefore healthy. But we make that ​inference all the time with respect to rhetoric and phronēsis. We assume that if someone can give good advice, he or she must be a good person. Such inferences are grounded in the belief that phronēsis and goodness are more than knowledge. Reasoning is persuasive to us because it is evidence, fallible and defeasible as all such evidence must be, of phronēsis and character.It is evidence for the character created in the speech [that is, invented ethos].(Eugene Carver, Aristotles Rhetoric: An Art of Character. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1994) The Example of Pericles In the Rhetoric [of Aristotle], Pericles is an exemplary figure of rhetorical effectiveness both for his skillful choice of persuasive strategies and for the persuasive appeal of his own character. That is, Pericles exemplifies how closely successful rhetoric is tied to phronēsis: the best rhetors possess a practical wisdom that can discern the most effective means of persuasion in any specific situation, including an appeal to their own reputations as persons of practical wisdom. Aristotle builds the phronetic power of discernment into his influential definition of rhetoric as the ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion . . ..(Steven Mailloux, Rhetorical Hermeneutics Still Again: or, On the Track of Phronēsis. A Companion to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism, ed. by Walter Jost and Wendy Olmsted. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004)

Banking Risk Management in a Globalizing Economy Essay - 1

Banking Risk Management in a Globalizing Economy - Essay Example The second part discusses the linked risks to banking globalisation with reference to the 2007-2009 global financial crisis. One of the obvious reasons as to why banks manage to go international in their operation is their ability to deal with risks. In the age of modern technological advancement, banking technology is becoming an integral component of the decision-making process (Hughes and Mester, 2008, p.1). Information is vital in the decision-making process (Timmerman et al., 2008, p.113). With sufficient information, there is an available tool that can aid in the decision-making activity. In the case of banks, especially those performing in the international setting, they evaluate and manage risks, by simply referring to their databases and online information, making them easily have access to problematic clients, and problems that are non-performance that require immediate attention. Banks are always on the go to measure risks (Angelopoulos and Mourdoukoutas, 2001, p.158). Aft er all, risks are associated with their banking business activity. When banks started to employ diversification process in the global background, prior to initiating it, they have already calculated the level of risks facing them. However, the reason as to why they still go forward to investing their business at the global level is their ability to mitigate the presence of threats. The advancement of technology and their ability to adapt it in their entire working system are the mere advantages they have over the presence of varied risks. In other words, one of the reasons why banks go international in their operation is due to their capability to manage risks. They have vital aid that could support them in times of tough decision-making activity, allowing them to decide what is best for their clients and in their whole business operations.

White paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

White paper - Essay Example Software development projects may on some occasion require accomplishing certain tasks such as making workflow changes, retrieving user’s lists, adding new data to issues. In this cases, JIRA can be can be called upon to help accomplish the above stated tasks. The use of JIRA is advantageous since its features are easily accessible. The top web browsers (Opera, Safari, Chrome, internet Explorer and Firefox) can access the JIRA’s user interface making it easily accessible. JIRA supports integration with integrated environments such as Eclipse, visual studio and Netbeans. And lastly but not least, JIRA has been optimized to be used on mobile devices and supports variety of mobile platforms such as blackberry, android, iPhone and windows. Atlassian, an enterprise company situated in Australia, focuses on developing software specifically for project managers and software developers. Some of the known software product produced by Atlassian company are JIRA, for tracking issues during software development and confluence, specifically designed to facilitate team collaboration. There are many users of the software produced by the company around the world. Some of the companies using the software include twitter, Audi, NASA, Cisco and infor. There are various software products that are JIRA’s competitors. Podio is one of them. Podio is preferred by most people as an alternative to JIRA since it is free, and open source. Most of users who can’t afford JIRA due to its high costs opt for Podio. Podio provides a web-based environment that is utilized buy software developers to facilitate team collaboration, communication, business process project management, data management, and content managements. The software is cloud based. The software package is suited to be used with business apps that can be selected by the users from the stores, or alternatively, users can create there on apps. A review by Daniel Johansen, an employee at Digicert, Inc.

Procedure course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Procedure course work - Essay Example Subsequently, the court executing an appeal will be able to correct errors, which are made in judicial decisions in trial or those made in magistrates’ courts1. However, the upper court has no authority to amend the decisions reached by the magistrates. The upper court can sent back the case to the lower or magistrates’ courts for reconsideration. At the same time, according to the provisions, the upper court has to give reasons for the decisions made in order to eliminate any possible ground for judicial review2. In accordance with the scenario, the Ministry of Justice should review the process in relation to the right to appeals, which are made in the upper court against a sentence and/or conviction. Accordingly, the proposal made by the Ministry of Justice emphasises on removing the right to appeal to High Court by way of case stated or judicial review. Moreover, the proposal advocates that the right to appeal to Crown Court should be amended accordingly so that the judicial process of a re-hearing can be developed as time-efficient. Appeal from the Magistrates' Court to Crown Court As per rules as well as regulations of the judicial systems of the UK, appeals can be made to the Crown Court on certain grounds and provisions. These provisions are recognised to be governed under the ‘Part 63 Criminal Procedure Rules 2010’ (â€Å"the Rules†). The Crown Court is statutorily obliged to deal with cases, which are appealed from magistrates’ courts on certain specific conditions as mentioned below. Conviction and/or sentences, which are made in magistrates courts (section108 Magistrates Courts Act 1980) Orders linking hospital or guardianship (section 45(1) Mental Health Act 1983) Failure of an individual to conform with supervision order (paragraph 11, schedule 3 Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000) Failure in making orders associated with football banning orders (section14A(5A) Football Spectators Act 1989) Sour ce: 3 The Crown Court is also provided with the provision of modifying any sentences as well as any other orders made within a time frame of 56 days from the day on which the decision was made. In certain incidents in case of dismissing an appeal, the Crown Court is required to provide reasons and factors, which are accountable for such an occurrence. It is in this context that the provisions oblige the Crown Court to justify reasons responsible for the rendered decisions. In the case of [R v Harrow Crown Court ex p. Dave [1994] 1 All ER 315, [1994] ! WLR 98] and [R -v- Knightsbridge Crown Court ex p International Sporting Club [1981] 3 All ER 417, [1982] QB 304] it has been identified that it is one of the mandatory duties of the judges to provide appropriate reasons for the decisions as well as the dismissal of appeal of any appellant4. In this context, refusing to provide reasons and information relating to decisions as well as denial of appeal will act as a violation of Article 6 ‘European Court of Human Rights’ (ECHR), which may lead to judicial review of the case5. Stating precisely, the right to appeal is offered to parties who make appeal against certain convictions and/or sentences. According to ‘Part 63 Criminal Procedure Rules’, the application must be made within the 21 days of actual hearing conducted by the magistrates’

Determination of Heat of Solution Essay Example for Free

Determination of Heat of Solution Essay ABSTRACT Thermodynamic values can be determined using the Vant Hoff isochore method. This method entails the use of equilibrium systems to determine the change in enthalpy of the solution, which can b related to the change in internal energy of the solution. The vant Hoff isochore relates the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction at one temperature to the equilibrium constant of the same reaction at a different temperature, allowing it to be worked out for all temperatures if it is known for one. The experiment used the solution of toluene and naphthalene to determine the change in enthalpy. The mole fractions and the tempterature of recrylstallizations were graphed and the slope was determined. From the slope the change in enthalpy was determined to be 3.45J. This implies that energy is absorbed by the system. INTRODUCTION Solutions are very common in nature and in the chemistry lab. They provide the environment in which many chemical reactions occur. Thus, in the chemistry classroom and lab, we are immensely interested in solutions, especially liquid solutions. Solutions are defined as homogeneous mixtures of pure substances in which no precipitation or settling occurs. We often think of solutions as liquids, but we can have solutions of solids (alloys), gases (air is a solution of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and a number of other gases), and a combination of states such as liquid and solid metals (amalgams) and liquids and gases (nitrogen in the blood, carbonated beverages). The ease of dissolution is dependent on two factors: (1) the change in disorder or randomness (entropy) of the system and (2) the change in the energy of the process (heat of solution). The process is generally favored when the degree of randomness increases and the energy of the system decreases (exothermic). When dissolut ion occur the entropy of the system increases. For example, the ions in crystals are highly ordered. Once dissolved, these same ions in solution are relatively disordered. When a polymer is dissolved in a solvent, the heat measured is a sum of a polymer-solvent interaction term and a term related to the structure that existed in the solid polymer relative to its amorphous liquid state. This latter contribution, termed the â€Å"residual† heat, can have an endothermic contribution due to the fusion of crystalline regions and an exothermic contribution due to the disruption of structure in noncrystalline amorphous regions. Toluene, formerly known as toluol, is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners. Chemically it is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, i.e. one in which a single hydrogen atom from the benzene molecule has been replaced by a univalent group, in this case CH3. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial feedstock and as a solvent. Like other solvents, toluene is sometimes also used as an inhalant drug for its intoxicating properties; however, this can potentially cause sever e neurological harm. Figure 1: Structure of Toluene Naphthalene, also known as naphthalin, bicyclo[4.4.0]deca-1,3,5,7,9-pentene or antimite is a crystalline, aromatic, white, solid hydrocarbon with formula C10H8 and the structure of two fused benzene rings. It is best known as the traditional, primary ingredient of mothballs. It is volatile, forming a flammable vapor, and readily sublimes at room temperature, producing a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. Figure 2: Structure of Naphthalene EXPERIMENTAL A. Compounds tested Naphthalene, Toluene B. Procedures An accurate quantity of 15 g of naphthalene was weighed and placed into a test tube. An accurately measured volume of 5mL of toluene was also added. The stopper, thermometer, and stirrer were fitted in the set-up. The test tube was warmed in a water bath until all the solute was dissolved. The solution was allowed to cool in air, and was stirred continuously until an appearance of a solid was observed. The temperature at which the solid was observed was also recorded. Warming the mixture until the entire solid was re-dissolved and allowing the solution to be cooled in air also did a second determination. Another 1mL of toluene was added and steps 3 to 5 were repeated. Another four more 1mL portions of toluene were also added. The mole fractions were determined and graphed with the temperature of recrystallization. From the graph, the slope was determined and from the value of the slope, the enthalpy change of the solution. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The mole fraction of the naphthalene to the toluene was determined and the temperature at which is recrystallized is tabulated below: Table 1: Mole Fraction and temperature of recrystallization Mole fraction| Temp.| 0.45| 67| 0.41| 60| 0.37| 59| 0.34| 56| 0.31| 56| 0.29| 54| Besides calorimetric method of analysis, using the equilibrium system may also be utilized to determine thermodynamic values. This is dependent to the enthalpy change. The mole fraction also interferes with the equilibrium system. Changes in the mole fraction will cause the equilibrium system to shift from one form to another. The process is in isochore, denoting no change in volume. The volume of the naphthalene is not diminished in the process of the experiment. The change in enthalpy is determined by determining the slope of the graph between the inverse of the emperature and the mole fraction. Figure3: Graph of Mole fraction versus the inverse of the recrystallization temperature From the grpah above, there is an inverse relationship between the recrystallization temperature and the mole fraction of naphthalene. As the mole fraction of the naphthalene is decreased, the inverse of the temperature of crystallization is increased. From the slope of the graph, we are able to determine the enthalpy change of the solution. Using the formula: Figure 4: Equation for enthalpy change From the equation above the determined enthalpy change is 3.45 J. Since the enthalpy change is a positive value the transfer of energy is towards the system. REFERENCES [1] Rossotti and H. Rossotti, The Determination of Stability Constants, McGraw-Hill, 1961 [2] Atkins, Peter; De Paula, Julio (2006-03-10). Physical Chemistry (8th ed.). W.H. Freeman and Company. p. 212. [3] NonLinear vant hoff solubility. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6T7W-479CM6F-3M_user=10_coverDate=01%2F31%2F1984_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=search_origin=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1474224563_rerunOrigin=google_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=bc9cac9220a53d018a21b381170d2732searchtype=a. taken September 28, 2010 [4] Vant Hoff Isochore. http://www.scenta.co.uk/tcaep/nonxml/science/equations/details/vant%20Hoff%20isochore.htm taken September 28, 2010.

News Broadcasting Essay -- News Analysis Essays

News Broadcasting On April 7, 1997, I watched NBC 5 News at 6. Warner Saunders (filling in for Ron Majors) and Carol Marin were co-anchors. Because I do not usually watch the news, I found myself seeing it with fresh eyes. For instance, I never before realized how little time is spent on each story within a 30-minute newscast. I knew they were brief, but I didn't know just how brief they were. The story lengths were from 20 seconds to three-and-a-half minutes. Watching the newscast from a critical perspective made me more aware of the role local television news programs play in our lives. I now see that they give people a brief overview of the day's events on the national and local scenes. Because people in today's society have many demands on their time – work, family, school, leisure pursuits – they need to get their news quickly. They rely on their favorite television news programs to keep them informed. They should be aware, however, that the time constraints of a 30-minute local newscast limit the amount of information it can give its viewers. For more in-depth coverage they should supplement the TV news with other media sources, such as newspapers, magazines, and radio news programs. As long as viewers take the inherent limitations into account while they watch the evening news, it is a quick, easy way to stay informed on daily events and unfolding or ongoing stories in their own and surrounding communities. The newscast began with a story on the impending appointment of Chicago's next archbishop and a new development in the story – the addition of Francis George, a dark horse candidate, to the list of possible replacements for John Cardinal Bernadin who died five months ago. The new development and the news that... ...go on April 7, 1997. The announcement of a new archbishop for Chicago is clearly news. So are stories that reaffirm our humanity and the resilience of the human spirit – the drowned high school student, the 13-year-old boy and the 10-year-old girl struggling to come back to life from the brink of death – and, certainly, the story of an innocent 7-year-old girl shot down during a senseless act of violence. Stories of missing boaters and heroic efforts to find them are news as well. Even stories of aberrant behavior and politicians falling from grace are news. However, as I stated earlier, it is important to supplement TV news with other sources of information, e.g., a reputable newspaper, a weekly news magazine, or a radio news broadcast, for more in-depth coverage, insights gained from different perspectives, and any stories not covered in the television newscasts.

Marketing Plan for our adventure club

This Is because If we focus on Increasing the market share then we end up focusing on our needs and wants. However, through our offering, we focus on meeting the customer†s wants and needs, by designing services accordingly. Type of product: Ours is a high involvement, experiential product aimed to be marketed as a hedonistic product. To put it in a nutshell, the product is the experience one can feel or understand only after participation. Core Product: The experience of participating In adventure sports like: Trekking, Camping, Paragliding, Bungee Jumping and horse riding Is what drives our product.While some of the adventure sports offered by us are also provided by our competitors, still we are the only one offering all of them together and that too in the lush green lap of nature. Core Benefits: When an individual â€Å"buys† the product he signs up to enjoy the core benefits of thrill, adrenaline rush, feeling of victory over fear and the feeling of Independence th at he gets while participating In the sports activity he has â€Å"bought†. To top It all, the discerning adventurer gets a feel of multiple sports. All at one location.Thus, some of the key core product attributes are: meets the adventure interests of urban customers * provides adventure in natural peaceful surroundings with no space constraints * Sports/ Adventure Experiences Offered: provides each customer with a basket of varied experiences under one roof * within 50-75 km from the city * Real time experience as compared to virtual gaming worlds The Augmented Product: As is evident from the interviews, reports in the media and the results of our survey, the adventure seeking college goers and unmarried professionals are interested in the core benefits of adrenaline rush and feeling of independence.Therefore Adventure', apart from offering these core benefits, also aims at providing the customers the enhanced benefit of spending quality time with the family while out on an adventure trip. Based on favorable responses to our focused questions during our interview, the augmented product entails the following: a. Camping as a non-adventure family experience to be accompanied by bonfire. This would be marketed as a stand-alone experience. B. A Family Pack including adventure sports and relaxation, a weekend away from the hectic life, all together at a single place, thereby, providing value to everyone c.Special product designed for large choice. Trekking, camping along with fun filled outdoor games can be excellent team building activities. Augmented product Attributes: * 2 day 1 night package for long term thrills * Complete family puller * Catering to all individuals and groups like students, professionals and corporate. Key Product Quality: Value for money with international adventure sports standards. Customization Offered: Pick and choose from among the various adventure sports packages offered.Reliability: All adventure sports performed under the s upervision of World class professionals Greatest focus within our service quality would be to ensure highest standards of safety. This would be done through rigorous third party audits and continuous assessment of safety systems in place. Branding: Adventure : Discover Yourself! Perceived Product Value with Price: Middle Market Service point of view: A. People: * Employees: The employees are a bunch of young and dynamic professionals who are refreshingly informal while approaching the different customers. Punctuality: Employees are always available on time for the customers 24*7 * Training: Employees at our club are people with a relevant degree in a course which links an understanding of industry provisions, social and psychological aspects of adventurous and extreme sports. As part of the course they must have gone through an integral residential field trip. Our staff is experienced and highly qualified in their respective fields. * Motivation: The employees are constantly motivat ed through a flat structure at our adventure club and given performance based rewards.Feedback is collected from the customers and incentives are given to the employees preferred or recommended by the customers. * Teamwork: World class certified professionals competent enough to be able to handle emergencies faced. They are well trained to teach the outdoor adventure skills and risk management techniques with organizations like NOELS (USA), Outward Bound (I-J), along with a number of adventure schools of India like HIM, MIM. * Culture: All the employees are treated as the members off Family. All the success or failures are shared together as a team.B. Physical Evidence: * Equipment: The entire range of equipments required for our adventure sports is mostly manufactured outside India. We plan to import good certified equipments manufactured in compliance with the International Safety Standards from best laity distributors e. G. The entire range of equipment for paragliding is importe d from Supper, which is the most trusted brand in paragliding equipment industry. Also, bungee Jumping equipment is imported from Nanning Quenching Amusement amusement equipments. Facility design: We are located in a site in the north zone of Bangor, which is known for its lush green natural surroundings. The site is easily accessible through public transportation. We have adequate parking space, roads have been paved to our club from the main road, and our site is free from the pollution and noise of the traffic in the city. Our facility development partners have helped us with the best site for each sport, safety incorporation such as a bounded fence for some exclusive sports like bungee Jumping.We also have relaxation zones where a family can have a great time together. Bounded Fence for Safety Relaxation Private zones for Family * Signage: The entire surrounding is marked with legible indications and signboards which help in identifying the location pertaining to each sport and also for food and stay areas. Support staff is available at designated points after intervals to help people get familiarized with the zones. Areas specially designated for sports bear instructions specific to sport along with actions needed when faced with emergency. Employee Dress: Our entire team is easily approachable for any kind of guidance or help during the process, because of the informal but common dress code that is in place. The outstanding color of the t-shirts helps as a quick clue for identification. * Reports/Statements/Guarantees: Annual feedback service reports to be emailed to all customers who have availed our services in the last one year including families, friends, corporate groups and individuals. C.Process: Customization is the undercurrent of all our offers, which allows groups to interact with us about their interests and also seek help in identifying the best package which suits them. One of our assisting staff is assigned to each group to help them for t he entire period of stay, for both single-day and weekend packages. 1) The simple sequence of steps involved in the process is as listed below: * Availability check: Enquire for availability of accommodation for the group by mentioning the size and probable time of arrival- This can be done through our website, www. Adventure. Com or through our telephone service.There is an option of selecting the suitable package by talking to our control team employees, who have the expertise to offer the best package in line with the group's interest, demographics and any constraints. * The price for the entire package can be enquired at this time or after arrival, and the choice should be intimated to our personnel. * Arrival at Adventure, followed by indulging in the unique facilities offered * Excitement and fun while engaging in the sports * Go home with a lingering thrills Quality: All our activities are accredited by adventure activities licensing authority Pricing:We shall introduce the p roduct, Adventure, with a penetration pricing. Considering the nature of our venture, it is important that we achieve the following: * Attract the innovators and enable trial of the experiences and services. * Ensure maximum capacity utilization. * Deter existing players from adding capacity and offering the sports not yet offered. * Reducing the per customer cost of providing expert supervision and considering the high capital investments required in the project.Pricing method to be followed: We have decided to price our offering on the principles of perceived value pricing. The perceived value of our offering was arrived at by a survey conducted in which various price points were offered to be chosen amongst. It is our endeavourer to ensure that there is a gradual increase in the customer perceived value through focused promotional activities, which are being discussed below. The going price, offered by substitutes and competitors was also closely studied before arriving at the pr ice points.

How Effective Is the Media in Creating Dissatisfaction in the Body?

How effective is the media in creating dissatisfaction in the body image of teenage girls? 1. Introductory Paragraph – Attention Grabber: 75% of teenage girls have a celebrity they look up to for a body image they would like to have according to the National Institute on Media and the Family. – Definition of Body Image: Body image refers to one’s sense of his or her own physical appearance influenced by his/her personal experiences, personality and various social and cultural forces. Thesis Statement: The trouble these days is that the media is constantly and greatly impacting the teenage girls of today’s generation who are aged 13 to 19 years of age to having a negative and distorted body image which leads to psycho-physical problems which cause teenagers to go to extremes in order to achieve what they perceive as the ‘perfect’ body. – Question: Do you feel ashamed, self-conscious and anxious about your body? If you do not, you have a negative body image and this essay is meant for you. 2. Supporting Paragraph 1 Topic Sentence: Teenage girls have an increasing desire to be either ultra-thin or to have more sex appeal under the influence of the media which cause a negative body image. – In the magazine, you can see what is considered as the ‘perfect’ woman and what is not the most ‘in’ thing. Teenagers shape how they see themselves based on what they see on television, magazines, newspapers and websites. – Media images depicting ultra-thin and digitally altered women models are the reason for body dissatisfaction in girls.What they see mostly in these advertisements are tall, skinny, flawless, and beautiful women selling fashionable products. – Fashion marketers use provocative marketing campaigns featuring young teenage models such as Abercrombie & Fitch and Guess. These ads are selling more than just clothing to teens. They are also selling adult sexuality. Moreover , the media’s trending definition of beauty as portrayed in celebrities and models would be having a curvaceous bodyline, and large breasts which supposedly increase the sexuality of a woman. Thus, they would eventually feel that they have to look like these perfect flawless women in order to be considered beautiful, though this ‘perfect’ appearance is one that few people can ever attain. Teenage girls are influenced and under constant pressure to be thin, beautiful and highly sexualized and this brings me to my next point on the severe impact of stimulating marketing campaigns. 3. Supporting Paragraph 2 – Topic Sentence: Teenage girls are both mentally and physically affected by pursuing such perfect body images as ensued by the media. Pretty pictures we see in magazines are often not what we would see in real life. However, teenagers aspire and go to extremes to get the ‘look’. Therefore, the media is responsible for creating ideals about bo dy image and the influenced teenagers suffer from inferiority complex and resort to unhealthy practices in order to achieve their perception of the ‘perfect’ body. – Firstly, the ultimate effect of the media on teenagers would be depression, and a loss of self-esteem. A study in 1995 found that spending 3 minutes looking at models in a fashion magazine caused 70% of the women to feel depressed, guilty and ashamed.Also, it has caused the development of unhealthy eating habits as the media often brings about the message that physical perfection is what we should all strive for if we want to be successful. – Being strongly influenced by the media, teenagers who are striving for the ‘perfect’ body and to achieve a strong sense of ‘achievement’ by reducing their weight will eventually start eating disorders. Teenage girls therefore follow blindly to achieve the ‘perfect’ image and suffer from psychological problems such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. refer to page 2 and 3 – preteens) – These psychological problems then lead to physical problems (refer to page 2 – teens) 4. Supporting Paragraph 3 – Topic Sentence: Not only do teenage girls suffer from psycho-physical problems, but they also go to extreme means and take drastic measures such as plastic surgery in order to achieve the perfect body crafted by the media which in turn, creates more health problems for girls. – A study done by BBC stated that three-quarters of girls who have had plastic surgery think it has improved their lives and 71% would do it again.During 2010, there were over 93000 people who had the plastic surgery in USA (if they cannot achieve the perfect body naturally, they would rather do so artificially. ) – Many girls want to undergo plastic surgery as they are obsessed with creating the ‘perfect’ body. Thus, they are open about having normalized surgery.  œ A dying young woman, Lisa Connell spent $40,000 on plastic surgery as she strongly desired to die looking like movie star Demi Moore. She was convinced that surgery would make her look as beautiful as Demi Moore who endorses cosmetic surgery herself. . Concluding Paragraph – After considering the points above, one has to agree that the media has negatively impacted teenage girls both mentally and physically and has caused the desire to have the ‘perfect’ body to take control of their lives. One thing is certain. The media are to be blamed for the 80% of girls who responded to More! Magazine that images of women on television and in the movies makes them feel insecure. The term ‘beauty’ holds different meanings and understandings to every individual teenage girl.The media has a large influence of what society believes is beautiful and what is not and made teenage girls feel insecure and fear that they are not good enough. However, the numerous probl ems and damaging impacts of such a negative body image are devastating and one must be sure that aspiring for such beauty is not the way to go about life. Inner strength is the key towards a happy and successful life and not beauty. We were all crafted and made by God and there is no need to bother about who you are or what you look like. The important thing is to love yourself and that is all that matters.