History of Mexican Revolution Essay

The novel transports readers to a ghost town on the desert plains in Mexico, and there it weaves together tales of passion, loss, and revenge. The village of Comala is populated by the wandering souls of former inhabitants, individuals not yet pure enough to enter heaven. Like the character Juan Preciado, who travels to Comala and suddenly finds himself confused, as readers we are not sure about what we see, hear, or understand. But the novel is enigmatic for other reasons. Since publication in 1955, the novel has come to define a style of writing in Mexico. Sparse language, echoes of orality, details heavy with meaning, and a fragmentary structure transformed the literary representation of rural life; instead of the social realism that had dominated in earlier decades, Rulfo created a quintessentially Mexican, modernist gothic.. The haunting effect of Pedro Paramo derives from the fitful story of Mexican modernity, a story that the novel tells in a way that more â€Å"objective† historical and sociological analyses cannot. As an aesthetic expression characterized by imaginative understanding, the novel explores Mexican social history of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The decadent remnants of a quasi-feudal social order, violent revolutions, and a dramatic exodus from the countryside to the city all gave rise to ghost towns across Mexico. Pedro Paramo tells the stories of three main characters: Juan Preciado, Pedro Paramo, and Susana San Juan. From the point of view of Juan Preciado, the novel is the story of a son’s search for identity and retribution. Juan’s mother, Dolores Preciado, was Pedro Paramo’s wife. Although he does not bear his father’s name, Juan is Pedro’s only legitimate son. Juan has returned to Comala to claim â€Å"[j]ust what’s ours,† as he had earlier promised his dying mother. Juan Preciado guides readers into the ghost story as he encounters the lost souls of Comala, sees apparitions, hears voices, and eventually suspects that he too is dead. We see through Juan’s eyes and hear with his ears the voices of those buried in the cemetery, a reading experience that evokes the poetic obituaries of Edgar Lee Masters’ Spoon River Anthology (1915). Along with Juan Preciado, readers piece together these fragments of lives to construct an image of Comala and its demise. Interspersed among the fragments recounting Juan’s story are flashbacks to the biography of Pedro Paramo. Pedro is the son of landowners who have seen better days. He also loves a young girl, Susana San Juan, with a desire that consumes his life into adulthood. â€Å"I came to Comala because I had been told that my father, a man named Pedro Paramo, lived there. † —page 3 Although the story line in these biographical fragments follows a generally chronological order, the duration of time is strangely distorted; brief textual passages that may read like conversational exchanges sometimes condense large historical periods. Moreover, the third-person narrative voice oscillates between two discursive registers. On the one hand, poetic passages of interior monologue capture Pedro’s love for Susana and his sensuality; on the other, more exterior descriptions and dialogues represent a domineering rancher determined to amass wealth and possessions. Within this alternation between the first- and third-person narrative voices, readers must listen for another voice and reconstruct a third story, that of Susana San Juan. We overhear bits of her tale through the ears of Juan Preciado, listening with him to the complaints that Susana—in her restless death—gives forth in the cemetery of Comala. â€Å"I was thinking of you, Susana. Of the green hills. Of when we used to fly kits in the windy season. We could hear the sounds of life from the town below; we were high above on the hill, playing out string to the wind. ‘Help me Susana. ‘ And soft hands would tighten on mine. ‘Let out more string. ‘† —page 12 Poetic sections evoke her passion for another man, Florencio, and Pedro never becomes the object of Susana’s affection. Juan Preciado, Pedro Paramo, and Susana San Juan are all haunted by ghosts; in turn, they become ghosts who haunt the realities of others. â€Å"They say that when people from there die and go to hell, they come back for a blanket. † —page 6 Although as readers we have the sense of lives once lived by these characters, they emerge for us as phantasms, as partially known presences who are not immediately intelligible and who linger with inexplicable tenacity. Reading Pedro Paramo creates a transformative recognition of Mexico’s move toward modernity in the early twentieth century; more than the objective lessons learned from social and cultural history, as a novel, Pedro Paramo produces a structure of feeling for readers that immerses us through the experience of haunting. As ghosts, Pedro, Susana, and Juan point outward to the social context of Mexico in the difficult movement toward modernization, toward social arrangements that never completely die as a newer social order is established. Pedro’s accumulation of land as a rancher harks back to the trends of capital accumulation during the benign dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz (1876-1911). The Porfiriato strove to modernize the nation through the development of infrastructure and investment; it allowed for anomalies such as the creation of the Media Luna ranch and strong local power brokers such as Pedro Paramo who shared the interests of the elite and helped maintain a thinly veiled feudal social order. Within this context, Susana San Juan and other individuals murmur their complaints in ghostly whispers. Indeed, at one point, Rulfo planned to call the novel Los murmullos—the murmurs. Speaking in the streets of Comala, overheard in dreams, and groaning in the cemetery, these spectral murmurs bespeak a reality hidden beneath the facade of Porfirian progress. The Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920 gave expression to repressed peasants—the campesinos of rural Mexico—and put an end to the Porfiriato. Susana San Juan, in turn, reveals the repressed role of women in a patriarchal order. In this world women are chattel and ranch-owners can forcibly populate the countryside with bastard children by asserting feudal rights to the bodies of peasant women living on their lands. Peasant revolutionaries and Susana San Juan as well are all manipulated by Pedro Paramo. He can force events to keep them all in the places where he would have them, but he cannot control their desires and their pleasures. The peasants celebrate festivals, and after the revolution they eventually rebel again by participating in the Cristero Revolt of 1926-1929. Susana suffers guilt and remembers pleasure in evocative passages that underscore her erotic ties to Florencio, a man unknown to others in the novel, perhaps a dead soldier from the revolution, the man Pedro would have had to be in order to have Susana’s love. â€Å"The sky was crowded with fat, swollen stars. The moon had come out for a little while and then vanished. It was one of those sad moons that nobody looks at or even notices. It hung there for a little while, pale and disfigured, and then hid itself behind the mountains. † -Juan Rulfo References Carol Clark D’Lugo, The Fragmented Novel in Mexico: The Politics of Form (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997), 70-81. Patrick Dove, â€Å"‘Exigele lo nuestro’: Deconstruction, Restitution and the Demand of Speech in Pedro Paramo,† Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 10. 1 (2001): 25-44,

Advertising AIDA Model

AIDA Model ATTENTION A = PAN-TASTIC OFFER FREE PIZZA INTEREST I = Hot Online 1 =RM 22 = Hot Online 2 = RM 29 = Hot Take-Away 1 = RM 19 = Hot Take-Away 2 = RM 26. 90 = Add RM 3 to upgrade to Supremes Pan Pizza DESIRE D = The image of delicious Pizza ACTION A = PIZZA HUT ONLINE ORDERING- www. pizzahut. com. my- = Halal Logo = Valid until 15 December 2011 ADVERTISER In Wichita, brothers Frank and Dan Carney opened the first Pizza Hut restaurant on June 15, 1958. They had been approached by the owner of a small building who wanted a nice neighbourhood business, and had read the Post's article about pizza.The Carneys borrowed $600 from their mother, located John Bender, an airman from McConnell Air Force Base who had worked as a pizza cook, purchased some secondhand equipment and were ready for business. The first night, they gave away pizza to interest potential customers. Many people ask how Pizza Hut got its name. When the Carneys were setting up that first restaurant, the building has a sign with room for just nine characters. They wanted to use â€Å"pizza† in the name, which left room for a word with only three characters. A family member suggested the uilding looked like a hut†¦. and Pizza Hut was born. 1959 :  Pizza Hut is incorporated and the first franchise unit opens in Topeka, Kansas. 1965 :  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Putt-Putt to Pizza Hut† musical jingle is developed for Pizza Hut's first television commercial. 1967 :  A Pizza Hut restaurant was built in five days by franchisees at the Oklahoma State Fair. World's largest pizza (six feet in diameter) is baked and served at the grand opening of the Fort Worth, Texas Pizza Hut. 1968 :  International market entered with the opening of the first Pizza Hut in Surrey, B. C. , Canada.Pizza Hut serves a million people a week at its 310 locations. 1977 :  Super Supreme is introduced. Pizza Hut opens its 3,000th unit in Arlington, Texas. 1980 :  Pan Pizza is introduced throughout the system. 1983 :  Personal Pan Pizza, with a five-minute guarantee, is introduced. Pizza Hut serves one and a half million pounds of pasta annually. Pizza Hut employs 10,000 teenagers from 16 to 19 years of age. 1984 :  BOOK IT! National reading incentive program is launched with 200,00 elementary students enrolled. 1988 :  Hand Tossed Traditional Pizza is introduced.Pizza Hut celebrates its 30th anniversary with a total of more than 6,000 restaurants and delivery units worldwide. 1990 :  Pizza Hut delivers more than 1,349,000 pizzas on Superbowl Sunday, about 7,000 pies per minute. 1995 :  Pizza Hut launches the â€Å"You'll Love The Stuff We're Made Of† campaign. Buffalo Wings soar onto the menu. Pizzeria Stuffed Crust Pizza is introduced which immediately sets company sales records. 1998 :  Surrey Place Pizza Hut celebrates its 30th year of business! ADVERTISING AGENCY Pizza Hut Hands Digital, Social Media to MartinE-commerce Business Goes to Huge Yum Brands' Pizza Hut has handed digital marketing and social media to its lead agency, Interpublic Group of Cos. ‘  Martin Agency. Sibling agency Huge has been tapped to handle Pizza Hut's e-commerce business. Both moves occurred without a review. Digital marketing was previously handled by Dallas-based indie agency IMC. The move to hand digital marketing and social media to Martin â€Å"was made to help fully integrate our digital and advertising initiatives,† according to a Pizza Hut spokesman.Huge, meanwhile, will be responsible for the pizza chain's online ordering site as well as setting overall e-commerce strategy. IMC's swan song for Pizza Hut were the recently released iPad and Android apps, as well as an updated iPhone app. Pizza Hut in 2009 launched the pizza category's first iPhone app, which has since been downloaded nearly 3 million times. The Pizza Hut spokesman said that Huge will simply â€Å"fine-tune† the online ordering platform, rather than revamp it. Pizza Hut in recent years has prioritized online ordering, as have rivals Papa John's and Domino's, making for a heated race to digital dominance.All three chains in the past have said that they hope to do about half of their business online. In April 2010 Pizza Hut had unveiled a simpler online ordering platform — customers can now order a pizza in two clicks — built by IMC and QuickOrder, Chicago. Papa John's was the first of the three big chains to offer online ordering, though Pizza Hut built industry-first ordering platforms for not only the iPhone but also Facebook, and Domino's made waves with its Pizza Tracker. Pizza Hut chief marketer Kurt Kane last year  pinned a sales turnaround on $10 pizzas and two-click ordering.Indeed, its 2010 U. S. same-store sales were up about 8%, although that growth was tempered by the chain's first-quarter 2011 earnings: U. S. same-store sales were down 3%. Pizza Hut in 2010 spent $217. 4 million on measured media spending, up 9. 7% from the prior year, according to Kantar. MEDIA The Marketing Communications Mix To ensure that our message manages to reach as much of the target audience as possible we have chosen to use the following communication approach. This approach uses a combination of advertising using two media forms, the internet and television.In accordance with the advertising, sales promotions and public relations will be carried out to hopefully guarantee the success of the campaign. Television The creation of television provided a new opportunity for widespread effective advertising. When viewing advertisements the public assesses what the advert conveys and how it conveys this message. This causes the public to evaluate aspects such as presentation, creative appeal as well as of course the message. Therefore due to impact that this powerful audio-visual tool can have on the audience, it is imperative that much consideration is given to the impression that is portrayed.One major benefit of television advertising is that it has a very high level of penetration. Statistics have shown that in the United Kingdom on average the public watches television for '28 hours per person per week' (Nationmaster, 2009). This therefore provides a lucrative possibility for many corporations. Due to the audio-visual possibilities that television advertising provides it gives the advertisers an opportunity to utilize the creative potential and fully portray the message desired which consequently helps the brand to achieve its aspired goals.For the television advertisement, a brand such as Pizza Hut should produce adverts that are creative and entertaining but also ensures that the core message is clearly communicated. The advertisement must be appealing to keep the attention of the audience to hopefully limit the effect that surrounding noise and distractions may have. There is a tendency of many consumers to directly link the credibility of a brand with the credibility of the medium, and television advertisi ng is perceived as a highly credible source to most audiences.Therefore the credibility of the Pizza Hut campaign has high chances of being enhanced if it associated with TV adverts. The television advertisement for the new campaign needs to be positively engaging on the emotional and psychological grounds. Our basic aim is to implement the pull strategy to create a demand for this new product category via the mass media. The target audience for the pizza hut campaign is the health conscious segment, but health consciousness is reflected in varied shades for different individuals, and this consideration is depicted in the television advertisement.The advertisement shows an ordinary British family consisting of a mother, a father and two teenagers; a son and a daughter. They are discussing what to have for dinner at the dining table. One option that is discussed is pizza, and it shows the four different perspectives of having pizza for dinner. The mother's standpoint is that pizza wo uldn't be suitable as it is unhealthy and lacks proper nutrients for the family, while the daughter's perspective is that she would have motivational conflicts due to the high calorie count and the diet she as been carrying out, the son also may have a similar negative perspective due an extensive work-out schedule that he has been keeping to and doesn't want to ruin and that father may be worried about blood pressure and cholesterol that are common with his age and therefore the consensus is not to order a pizza even though everyone would enjoy the experience. A pizza base appears magically on their table and tops itself up with all the healthy ingredients like vegetables/grilled lean whit meat/low fat cheese etc, which adds to the health quotient of a pizza.The advert now describes the complete new range of healthy Pizzas from Pizza Hut. This advertisement aims to appeal to its audiences through an emotional stance. Understanding a mother's basic instinct to ensure the family keep s healthy, understanding many teenager's insecurities as well as understanding the worries about health for the majority of the aging population. The psychological perspective of this advert would be that people are enjoying a pizza without experiencing cognitive dissonance.The advert would have a strong visual appeal to create the sense that it would be delicious and full of flavour, this would be carried out with visually appealing colours of the topping as well as the surrounding background of the advert. The slogan used for this advert is â€Å"Pizzas Just Got Healthier. † This is a clear, strong slogan and it also communicates the core idea of the whole advertising campaign in lucid, simple language which is easily retained by consumers. The slogan also is able to depict an image of the brand which cares about its customer's health through an product innovation.The sales promotion that is integrated into the campaign will be shown at the end of the advert with a change i n the tonal quality of the speaker, this is aimed at getting the audience to pay attention at the moment when the majority of the information is relayed. Refer to Appendix A for story board. The last but not the least the advert would be following the Association Guideline within â€Å"C4'S Golden Guidelines†; the television advertisement will be aired throughout a entertainment/comedy section, throughout the time period of 6pm to 8 pm.This time period would be a high reach period as it after school and work when more members of the family are at home. It would be most viable to relate the advert to the shared territory and common targeting aspect of the Association Guidelines. Internet Advertising The internet is described by many as a one of the most important inventions of the century. It has been a part of a major revolution in technological development worldwide. With the advent of web based advertising in 1994, it has become an extremely convenient method for many brand s to reach to the greater masses at a relatively lower cost in comparison to traditional media.The current generation is highly dependent on the internet, and therefore advertising online in the form of banner ads, button ads, pop ups are the smart and viable options for many reputed brands. Potter (1994) ‘estimates that web based marketing results in ten times the units sold at one tenth of the advertising budget, and that's one of the most important reasons to opt for an online advert. ‘ An added bonus also is that consumers have the option of watching the advert as many times as they wish and so are able to obtain all the information that the advert provides.The new Pizza Hut campaign focuses mainly on giving healthier alternatives when visiting Pizza Hut, mainly in the forms ‘Healthy Pizzas'. This should be highlighted clearly to the audience as this should create an interest that may cause possible customers to acquire more information about the campaign. Anot her rationale for using web based advertising is the higher chance of an instantaneous purchase, as long as there is a option of purchasing the product or service. This impulse purchase effect will occur especially with food producers such as Pizza Hut, as it satisfies a physiological need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.To hopefully ensure a purchase it would be advisable for Pizza Hut to have an option of â€Å"Order Now† and a link to the website. Public Relations Harris (1998) indicates the ‘purpose of marketing PR is to gain awareness, stimulate sales, facilitate communication, and build relationships between consumers and companies and brands. ‘ This opportunity is an interesting prospect for Pizza Hut and alongside advertising may enable the campaign to reach more of the target audience.Pizza Hut can use its public relations agency to promote its products, services as well as its corporate identity. This is especially useful as the campaign is aiming for an image change, public relations will help communicate this change to many different groups of stakeholders. Corporate public relations is responsible for establishing understanding and trust with individuals who have a potential or actual interest in the organisation, (Kitchen, 1997). According to Gruning (1992), ‘corporate PR is the management of communication between an organisation and its publics. These may include health organisations, local businesses, local education authorities and potential customers along with many more groups. Pizza Hut can use and associate ‘the high credibility attached to this form of communication. ‘ (Fill et al, 2005) to create credibility and maintain the credibility of the brand. In order for Pizza Hut to be effective when carrying out its public relations, it will introduce newsletters informing the previously mentioned groups of what they are trying to do in its new health campaign.Pizza Hut could also evaluate the effectiveness of its public relations by offering readers the chance to comment on the company and any articles through the feedback form at the back of the newsletter. Pizza Hut has decided to put together an article with a major newspaper publisher about obesity levels and the new Pizza Hut healthy campaign. Public relations are often important at more of a corporate level and without this option Pizza Hut would struggle to be seen as a major food outlet. This can be seen as a form of publicity.Pizza Hut should also conduct a certain amount of public relations to its internal stakeholders such as staff and external stakeholders. Internally the employee magazine should be used and these cues should ‘develop images and perceptions' (Fill, 2005) in the mind of the stakeholders, internally as well as externally. Therefore the ability for public relations to reach a medium size audience and also portray a credible image indicates that Pizza Hut should be using PR as one of its communication to ols.It must not be ignored however that public relations is more effective when integrated with other communication tools. By combining such tools as advertising with public relations it is possible to gain full national coverage something that would not necessarily be possible with other communication tools. Sales Promotions The institute of sales promotion (2004) defines sales promotion as a ‘planned and implemented activity that both enhances product or service appeal and changes customer behaviour positively in return for an additional benefit for purchase or participation'. Yeshin, 2006) According to Yeshin (2006) sales promotion can function on three levels by communicating, catching the customer's attention at the point of purchase'(Yeshin, 2006) as well as providing extra information that may influence the purchase decision. Sales promotions can also provide an incentive by offering ‘some form of direct inducement, either immediate or delayed, which changed the p erceptual base of the purchasing decision. ‘ (Yeshin, 2006) Sales promotions can also advance the purchasing decision and ‘invite the consumer to engage in an immediate transaction. (Yeshin, 2006) Therefore there is a strong rationale for using sales promotions in the new Pizza Hut campaign. The ability to create a product trial and sampling is necessary aspect for the success of the campaign. Once attracting customers to try the new healthier pizza range, this hopefully will encourage repeat purchases and create a loyalty to the brand. Through this loyalty there will hopefully be an increase in frequency of purchase as well as different usage. The sales promotions that Pizza Hut are planning on integrating into the campaign are such as a grouping with ‘Innocent Smoothies. Innocent Smoothies is a good association with this campaign as it is a well known smoothie brand which is related heavily with being healthy and prides itself on only using ‘100% natural, h ealthy renewable ingredients. ‘ (Innocent Drinks, 2009) have also already had success with the health conscious target audience already and so will create added value in the mind of this audience. The promotion that Pizza Hut is running is a ‘Meal Deal' in which a choice of healthy pizzas accompanied with either an innocent smoothie or a side salad. This ‘Meal Deal' will be set at ? . 99. Through these promotions there will hopefully be an increase in market share due to brand switching. A pull strategy will occur in which consumer decides to choose Pizza Hut over competing brands. Unlike some other tools of marketing communication, which work over a longer term, sales promotion produces rapid results and return on investment is often substantial. However it will be used along side with other marketing communication tools for this campaign so as to bring about an integrated marketing communication approach. SUPPLIERS / VENDOR

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Giving birth control devices to teenagers - Essay Example Birth control devices â€Å"could potentially make teenagers to think that they can have sex with anyone at any time and not have any consequences, but a lot of teenagers are uneducated about contraception and will misuse it, making it pointless† (What are the pros of giving free birth control to teens?). On the other hand, many people question the logic of providing birth control devices to teenagers. They are of the view that the easy accessibility of birth control devices may motivate teenagers further and further to engage in sexual activities. In their opinion, the fear of pregnancy is the only thing which prevents majority of teenagers from sexual activities. The availability of contraception or birth control devices will remove such fears from the minds of teenagers and they may increase their sexual activities beyond the limits. Teenage is a period during which the education of a person is taking place. Education is the most important thing in the life of a teenager. F ailure to complete the school or college life with flying colors may prevent the teenagers from getting better employment in future. In other words, security and safety of future life of a teenager are mostly depending on the academic qualifications. The availability of birth control devices may force the teenagers to shift their main focus from education to sexual activities. Such people will realize the consequences of their activities in future and they will not get any second opportunity to revert their future.

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Othello a tragic hero - Essay Example Othello is a valiant soldier, a Black Moor from Cyprus, who now owes allegiance to Venice, and has been elevated to a position of General and is the admired protector of the city. He has been raised to this position of eminence by the White Senators of the city who see in him the savior of the city. Othello has taken Desdemona, daughter of Barbantio, as his wife, with her will, and the father is grieved at this match of his white daughter to the black Moor, who he considers a foreigner despite his polished manners and exalted position. Iago, a soldier Othello trusts, but who is not chosen as his lieutenant, is jealous of Othello on two counts. One he presents as not being chosen as his rightful lieutenant, and second his own lust for Desdemonia whom he desired but was denied by Desdemona herself. Seeking vengeance, Iago spins a deceitful plot by tainting Desdemona as unfaithful and having an affair with Cassio, the lieutenant Othello had chosen in preference over Iago, and Othello fa lls into the trap. Othello dismisses Cassio from his service and when Desdemona pleads with Othello for his reinstatement, it merely serves Iago’s cause and firms up his allegation about her in Othello’s confused mind. Othello then confronts her with the accusation of unfaithfulness and refuses he plea of innocence and kills her. Iago had earlier used Emily his wife, who unwittingly aided him, but when realization dawns on her she tries to make amends and clarifies her role and that of Desdemona to Othello, but it is too late.

WHAT ARE THE RECENT TRENDS IN EUROBOND MARKET CONCENTRATE ON ISSUES OF Essay

WHAT ARE THE RECENT TRENDS IN EUROBOND MARKET CONCENTRATE ON ISSUES OF SIZE, VOLUME, BORROWERS AND INNOVATIONS - Essay Example Therefore, the market is highly dependent on the reputation of the issuer. The following discussion will see how the Eurobond market has grown since its inception to its current size. The essay will also discuss the current volume of the market and the diversity of the borrowers participating in the market. Finally, the essay will look at the innovations in the Eurobond market with major types of products offered in the market. The bond market is the primary provider of medium or long-term financing for corporations and the market is dominated by the Eurobonds in the international environment. Prior to the appearance of Eurobonds, long-term capital from international source was raised by floating a bond issue in some other country denominated in the currency and meeting the requirements of the country it was issued in. These are called foreign bonds and the total annual volume was an average of $2.6 billion from the period 1964 to 1974 (Smith, 2003). The number of foreign bonds increased substantially after 1974 because of the removal of US capital market controls. However, the number of foreign bonds traded is very small compared to the total international bond market. Smith (2003) points to the various reasons which hampered the growth of foreign bonds. These include the fact that issuers had to meet local requirements which caused delays while issuers prepared the necessary documents or permissions. Expenses were also high because of the underwriting fees and other expenses incurred by the issuer. The 1960s saw the emergence of Eurobonds which rapidly went on to dominate the international bond market. Originally, Eurobonds were unsecured promissory notes denominated in US dollars. They were not registered with US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and therefore could not be sold in US or to US citizens. They were sold to non-US residents, primarily wealthy individuals and foreign institutional investors. Madura (2006) mentions that the emergence of Eurobond market has been highly influenced by the introduction of Interest Equilisation Tax (IET) by the US government in 1963. This IET of 15% on interest received from foreign borrowers was originally designed to restrict foreign debt sold in US market and discourage investors in US from investing in foreign securities. However, the tax actually stimulated the development of Euromarkets and dollar driven financial activity in London. IET was removed in 1974. Eurobonds found further boost in 1984 when the US government repealed the 30% withholding tax on interest income paid to foreign persons or corporations. This allowed US corporations to issue bonds directly to non-US investors. Previously, many foreign investors showed reluctance in purchasing US corporate securities as US issuers were required to withhold part of the required interest payments in order to ensure any tax due would be paid. They were also required to disclose their names and addresses to the issuer. To attract such investors, American companies had to issue bonds in the bearer form through subsidiaries in various tax-haven jurisdictions, such as the Netherlands Antilles (Smith, 2003). Thus removing the withholding tax ensured that foreign investors could

Racial Diversity of Native Americans Essay Example for Free

Racial Diversity of Native Americans Essay Native Americans were settled in the country before anyone else. But they ended up being the most â€Å"abused† out of any race that ever settled in the country. Native Americans had to fight for land that was originally theirs and sometimes fight just to stay alive. The fight was usually the same too. If it wasn’t against settlers, it was against the government. In some areas, it’s still happening today. Now it’s just with land developers. What has been forgotten is the rich culture that Native Americans possess. There are states that have many towns whose names are originated from Native American names. But they only serve as a small reminder of who used to reside on that land, centuries ago. These people are now residing on reservations that they were forced to move to and some still reside there today. There are small tribes scattered all over the United States, but the larger ones are as such. The Apache Nation still resides in the Southern Plains, Southwest and Southeast of the United States. Cherokee are located in East Tennessee and North Carolina. Cheyenne are in the Plains, along with the Sioux. Chinook reside along the Northwest Pacific Coast. The Iroquois are located in the Northeast of the United States, while Mohawk are primarily in New York. The Navajo Nation is located in New Mexico, Arizona and Utah. Except for a few Native Americans that made it into the history books like Pocahontas (1595-1617); Geronimo (1829-1909); Squanto (1581-1622) and Cochise (1815-1874), the history of the Native American is not one to be proud of. Some of the incidents that they had to endure are: Iroquois, the â€Å"Northeast† Native Americans welcomed some of the first European immigrants in the early 1600’s. They taught the immigrants how to survive in the new world. In return their land was taken or purchased for next to nothing and in the end they were pushed out. Currently, Native Americans living in Virginia are not recognized as Native American because of Walter Ashby Plecker. He was a White Supremacist and the first registrar of the state Bureau of Vital Statistics. He believed the Native Americans had been crossbred with the African American population. So a law was passed in 1912 by the state’s. General Assembly, which stated only two races would be recognized, ‘white’ and ‘colored’. Plecker had so much power that he was able to pressure the local government into reclassifying the Virginia Native Americans as ‘colored’. All of the records of the race were then destroyed. Ironically enough, as a â€Å"Thank you† to the Native Americans, the Indian Citizen Act of 1924 was put in place. The law gave official citizenship to Native Americans across the country. It was done because of the heroic service of many Native Americans during World War I. Native Americans are one the most culture filled races in the world. From totem poles, to peace pipes to even currently dream catchers, all of these things had special meanings and purposes to the Native American people. The Europeans probably appreciated these things initially, but over time they tried to make them all disappear. The more time the Europeans spent with the Native Americans, the more they didn’t like their customs. So eventually the Europeans tried to force their culture on the Native Americans via ‘deculturalization’. Over time, the Native Americans were forbidden to speak their language, practice their religion and cultures. The Europeans even forced the English language on the Native Americans. They were punished or even jailed when they attempted to ignore these new rules that were placed upon them. Native American children were removed from their families and sent to boarding schools, so they were ‘Americanized’. These children were forced to change their hair and wear clothing that felt wrong to them. The process demoralized the Native Americans and broke their spirit. As if the practice of ‘deculturalization’ wasn’t enough, as if these people slowly losing their property to the settlers was not enough, the government took another step in constraining the Natives. President Andrew Jackson decided that the Natives weren’t being pushed out fast or far enough so on May 28, 1830, the Indian Removal Act became a law. The purpose was to make the Natives leave their land all together and move to the area of the country commissioned as ‘Indian Territory’. Initially, it was to be a peaceful, legal trade of property. Trade the property in the Southeast United States for the property in the ‘Indian Territory’. The Natives that did not comply were eventually forced out all together. The Cherokee Nation specifically moved west crossing the Mississippi River from the Southeast. This trek became known as Trail of Tears because approximately 4,000 Cherokee died from starvation, exposure, and illnesses. One of the last battles between the government and the Natives happened in 1890. Disdain towards the ‘white man’ started the sparks flying in South Dakota and it turned into a power struggle over firearms. When the bullets stopped flying, it ended up being one of the worst massacres on record. On December 29, 1890, warriors, women, and children were ferociously slaughtered by the U. S. Cavalry at Wounded Knee, South Dakota. Because the American government’s forces were so much stronger than the Natives, there was really nothing they could do to stop anything the government did. Many tried to appeal to the courts, but the cases were always lost. So the Native Americans did what they could to start over again on the reservations and made it a point to never trust the ‘white man’ again for anything. The United States government decided to resolve issues with Native Americans. One of the first things done was the Indian Reorganization Act, put into law on June 18, 1934. The purpose was to decrease the federal control of Indian affairs and increase Indian self-government and responsibilities. The act encouraged written charters and constitutions giving the Natives the power to handle their own affairs. Also funds were made available for revolving credit programs for the Native Americans for all that were interested in purchasing tribal land, for education and to assist in organizing the tribes. Many tribes and villages accepted the act and moved forward with plans to make improvements for themselves, as well as the tribe. Many improved their economic position, while others did purchase land to expand the acre size of the reservations. Improvements were also made within the health and educational services on the reservations and children were able to go to public schools. Currently there are over 500 recognized tribal governments in the United States. There are currently more than 5 million Native Americans alive today, according to the 2010 census bureau. They are self-governed and considered to be independent people. They are also one of the most resilient people in this country’s history. Even though life on the reservations is still difficult to this day, due to unemployment and high rates of alcoholism, Native Americans have a true spirit of survival. Despite how they were treated when the Europeans got settled, Native Americans always believed that the spirits would always watch over them and bring them over the mountain of despair. And it did. REFERENCES All About History (2002-2013) Native American History. Retrieved by http://www. allabouthistory. org/native-american-history. htm American Indian Heritage Foundation. (2012) Native American Culture. Retrieved by http://www. indians. org/articles/native-american-culture. html Census Bureau. (2012). The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010. Retrieved by http://www.census. gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-10. pdf Creations, N. (2013) Native History, Native Experiences- Native Voices of First Nations People. Retrieved by http://firstpeoplesvoices. com/beginning. htm Encyclopedia Britannica. (2013). Indian Reorganization Act. Retrieved by http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/285946/Indian-Reorganization-Act PBS. (1995). Trail of Tears. Retrieved from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h1567. html The Wild West (2012). War Between the Settlers and The Native American Indians. Retrieved by http://www. the-wild-west. co. uk/war-settlers. htm.

Incident command system

Incident command system Incident Command The incident command system (ICS) has become a routine word in fire service circles. It is rare to read an article or watch a fire service video about a major fire or emergency incident without ICS being mentioned(Buck, 2006; 1-27). It has reached the point that when fire chiefs are asked what tactics they employed to extinguish a fire, some answer that they used ICS. Some of the management principles built into the ICS are: The Scalar Principle. The actual fire ground organization with the chain of command from the firefighter to the incident commander. Unity of Command. Each person reports to and receives orders from only one boss. Parity of Authority and Responsibility. Each person receives the necessary authority to fulfill given responsibilities to accomplish the goals. Span of Control. The number of people or units that one person can effectively supervise. Division of Work. Sectoring to achieve efficiency, effectiveness, and safety in using labor. Logical Assignment. Assigning the most qualified people to handle each assignment. One of the primary features of the ICS is that it is designed to expand as the incident expands. It is not designed to be put in place during the initial stage and remain static. (Buck, 2006; 1-27) Fire and emergency incidents are fluid and constantly changing, many times for the worse and not the better. During the early stages of a complex incident, it is impossible to know or predict the amount of resources that are going to be needed and what positions or order the fire ground organizational chart will have to be filled. If you take the time to set up a worst-case scenario ICS at every incident, before dispatching the obviously needed resources, every incident will become a worst-case scenario. Levels of Command to Deal Effectively With Large Scale Incidents There are many schools of thought concerning the placement of command posts on the fire ground. The initial incident commander, particularly a location officer, has to make a decision: Should he set the command post inside on theâ€Å"fast attack† mode or outside where the entire scene can be surveyed and where the command post is much more visible to incoming companies? The fire situation, the makeup of the location (number of personnel), safety of operating forces, the departments SOPs, and the initial commanders own knowledge and experience all contribute to this important decision (Hildebrand, 1997). For example, in a one-room fire, the first-in location officer, as the initial commander, may decide to stay with the attack crew and command from that position. In contrast, the first-in battalion chief may choose to set the command post in front of the dwelling and receive radio reports from the interior. For fires that are large-scale on arrival, the command post is set at a safe position that affords the largest view, often on the corner of a building. If the fire progresses to several alarms, the command post may be moved to a command/communications vehicle, where command boards, phones, maps, and vital information can be laid out and surveyed. (Hildebrand, 1997) All of these positions are valid, depending on the factors noted above. In short, the command post should be set where it is most advantageous and safest for that particular operation. In conjunction with establishing a command post, the incident commander now has several other considerations. He holds a figurativeâ€Å"deck of cards† that represents various functions that must be addressed in order to build an effective command network. Among theseâ€Å"cards† are planning, communications, logistics, operations, and staging. At the start of the fire or incident, the incident commander holds all the cards. If the incident is entirely manageable by the initial commander, the cards are kept by that commander. For a one-room fire, it would be rare for the initial commander toâ€Å"deal out† any command functions. The only exception may be communications, which would be handled by the first-in chiefs aide or engine location. As the incident progresses and the command function expands to the point at which the incident commander no longer can effectively manage it, then the card is dealt to another commander. For example, if multiple alarms have been called, the staging of apparatus may become a large and difficult task (Shelley, 2007). The incident commander would deal the staging card to another chief or officer. Thus the incident command system expands proportionally to the size of the incident. The initial commander also must ensure that the fire ground is organized. Usually this is accomplished by sectoring the fire ground. It creates a fire ground structure that is understandable and facilitates assignments and division of work and, therefore, span of control. Once the fire ground has been sectored and this information communicated to officers and companies, the commander can rapidly deploy companies to specific locations on the foreground. In a rapidly progressing fire in an apartment building with several critical exposures, the commander may assign an entire alarm to Bravo Sector. There are several different systems used to identify sectors (numbers or letters). The important thing is that everyoneincoming companies, mutual-aid companies, and othersuse the same designations. The final responsibility of the initial incident commander is to pass command when relieved. The most effective form of passing command is in a face-to-face meeting with the relieving officer. One way to conduct this briefing is to start with the fire building and work around it, using the exposures as sectors (Shelley, 2007). The who, what, and where of each sector should be given to the relieving commander. Also, any problems and special considerations should be covered. Charts or incident command boards are very helpful in this process. The initial incident commander has a critical job. He must analyze the situation, develop an effective overall strategy, call for required resources, establish a command post, sector the fire ground, and give a thorough briefing to the relieving incident commander. If these steps are followed and performed effectively, fire ground command will be established correctly, which is always much easier than trying to play catch-up after hoses are laid, ladders thrown, and companies deployed. Dynamic Risk Assessment That Would Have Been Implemented At the Scene Goals were not successfully assigned. Incorporated command would have been a greater way to tackle leadership duties. No joint action plan was apparent. The Incident Commander was countering to progress instead of planning forward. The Incident Commander had lots of elements for a right duration of control. The Incident Commander was also actually behaving as security officer. He was possible suffering from an information overload, which put him in a reactive, instead of a proactive, mode. The record does not reveal any designated incident facilities. Management of resources was uneven and superficial. The IC apparently did not appreciate the danger of the position to which he had directed Unit 620 for refilling, and the importance of the Red Flag Warning and its existence were not communicated (Shelley, 2007). Further, evidently no safety officer was appointed, and no safety briefing was given to the firefighters. Responsibilities of Various Public Agencies That Would Have Been Involved At Buncefield The policy should state which area mental health professionals would have been designated to provide critical incident assistance to Buncefield Incident and explained both their pre- and post-incident responsibilities. The mental health professionals role is important and should have been set forth clearly in the policy. For example, mental health professionals could be called upon to provide pre-incident education for upper- and mid-level management or the entire staff. They could be available for consultation on an incident-by-incident basis(Kirsch. 2006; 61-72). They could assess the need for professional follow-up for employees after a critical incident. In developing the policy, people should consider adopting the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) process endorsed by the International Critical Incident Stress Foundation, which promotes using mental health professionals specially trained in the crisis intervention field(Kirsch. 2006; 61-72). This training is not part of the general mental health curriculum. Therefore, in seeking a mental health professional in your community to provide services in the event of a critical incident, do not hesitate to ask questions about the persons critical incident training and experience. A comprehensive incident response plan strategically supports the execution of emergency response plans and procedures (Kirsch. 2006; 61-72). It is not intended to subjugate those existing response plans or procedures that provide tactical guidance and are facility or asset specific. The focus ofthe incident response plan should be on defining what constitutes a incident for the organization and what is the correlating notification process and response to the incident. Functional roles, as opposed to personal names or titles, should be clearly defined in the plan. The use of checklists and sample documents should be used liberally to ease tasks and provide guidance during the response. Firefighters are presented with a simulated incident (preferably with a graphic representation) involving a agencies asset and respond using the organization established in incident response plan. Such drills are designed toâ€Å"stay in the room† and promote a common understanding of the elements and teamwork necessary for a coordinated response. At the other end ofthe spectrum is the full mock emergency exercise. Like the table top drill, firefighters use their crisis response plan during a simulated emergency. (Buck, 2006; 1-27) However, mock exercises should ideally evaluate both the strategic and tactical perspectives. They should be designed to help agencies test communications among functional areas, to evaluate the effectiveness of coordination between the incident response plan and tactical response procedures, to lest the ability of the agencies to response to simulated inquires from the media and public, as well as the interaction with local emergency responders. Pu blic agencies that develop comprehensive crisis response plans and exercise them are in the best position to anticipate a successful outcome. Need For Effective Liaison with Media and Other Agencies during Major Incidents For remote sites not accessible to normal fire apparatus and ambulances, ensure the availability of bulldozers, four-wheel-drive vehicles, and other all-terrain units to transport personnel, equipment, and patients. The availability of hoist-equipped rescue helicopters is extremely desirable for remote incidents. Agencies without their own helicopters can generally make arrangements with neighboring agencies, the military or other providers. If the incident site is determined to be inaccessible to ground units, consider staging units in a place where personnel and equipment may be transported to the actual rescue site by helicopters, four-wheel-drive units, or bulldozers. Be prepared to send teams of firefighters from the staging area for the following assignments: Rope rescue teams to extract victims from situations where helicopter hoisting is deemed unfeasible. If the construction sled had not been available at this incident, high-angle rope systems or vehicle-mounted rescue winch operations would have been required. Litter teams to carry victims (in litter baskets) to locations where they may be picked up by an air squad or a ground vehicle. Extrication teams to free victims trapped in vehicles or debris. Medical teams to treat multiple patients on the site as necessary, especially during extended extrications. Shoring teams if heavy equipment must be stabilized or lifted. Determine before incidents occur the manner in which communications will be established with on-site supervisors and workers, including the use of radios, cellular phones, or evenâ€Å"runners† if necessary. Determine radio frequencies if possible. Meet with project supervisors to determine what equipment will be available on the site. This is the time to find out about resources like construction sleds, bulldozers, water trucks, and any on-site medical or extrication gear. Discuss methods of transporting rescuers and equipment to potential accident sites. For major projects, and especially those with special hazards, consider joint training exercises to simulate likely scenarios. Consider including other public safety agencies that may be required to assist. Develop a written plan, and maintain it in prominent places so thatâ€Å"overtimes,† move-up companies, and otherâ€Å"newcomers† will be able to find and use them when an incident occurs. Above all, be prepared to consider unusual solutions for unusual problems. Some of the best solutions for unique fire and rescue problems may not be found in any book. Share information about lessons learned with others who may be confronted with similar problems. No one can predict when a critical incident might happen or how people will respond to it. A crisis amplifies your role as manager and trains all eyes on you. The expectations are that you will lead. Will you be prepared to do so? The answer to this question, in large part, may be determined by actions you take now, before a crisis hits. If your office does not have a critical incident response policy in place, make it happen. Identify resources in your area willing to assist you and your staff. Talk with other managers who have formulated policies and who have weathered critical incidents in their organizations. Learn from their experiences. Gets a pre-incident education program going. Involve staff members at all levels. And, finally, do a personal inventory of your coping skills and how well they have served you. Identify other resources you think might help you personally in the event of a crisis. Taking the steps discussed here will help you and your staff is prepared. Perhaps no one truly can be prepared for the devastation of a Hurricane Andrew or an Oklahoma City bombing. By taking certain proactive measures, however, you can be better equipped for managing the aftermath of a critical incident and thus increase the chances that your organizationand youwill recover quickly and successfully.

Merchant of Venice Essay: The Role of Jessica -- Merchant Venice Essay

The Role of Jessica in Merchant of Venice The character of Jessica, in Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice serves an important function in respect to her father, Shylock. By deserting him for a Christian husband, Shylock loses the last person with whom he has any kind of tie. Shylock’s isolation becomes a vital part of his character, and drives his merciless actions against Antonio. Throughout the play, everyone who could claim any type of social or familial tie to Shylock leaves him. Launcelot the Clown, moves to a Christian master, who has the,"grace of God..." (II,ii L.139) His own daughter Jessica forsakes him, and his entire Jewish culture, to marry Lorenzo, and become a Christian. Thus Shylock has no one from whom he can receive solace. Shylock, therefore, becomes a character motived by isolation, and a feeling of desertion. His emphasis on the binding values of money and law are the only thing he can claim as his own. When Shylock finds out about his daughter’s trickery, he begins to forsake the bonds of family, in sake of temporal laws defining right ...

Romeo and Juliet - Act III, Scene V :: Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

Romeo and Juliet - Act III, Scene V Act III, Scene V of Romeo and Juliet is significant for it is the most pivotal scene of this tragic play. Although prior scenes present extreme circumstances, this scene reveals the results of past activities and begins a series of tragic misunderstandings and fatal reactions. Transformations occuring amongst characters and their relationships with one another and the tone of the play are revealed in this scene. Through language, Shakespeare presents these changes as well as foreshadowing the eventual tragedy Romeo and Juliet's death. From this point on in the play there are no more comedic or romantic scenes. The following scenes are of extreme actions, mishap and tragedy. The "star-crossed lovers" cannot escape their fate. One of the many transformations presented in this scene is that of Romeo and Juliet's love for one another. Romeo and Juliet's love makes the transition from infatuation to a deep and sincere love. In earlier scenes they used overly romantic language and metaphor, whereas, now they speak to one another of their love in a mature and tender way. They will do anything to be with one another, for their love surpasses any emotion for their familial or community ties. They are willing to make any sacrifice in order to have their desire for one another fulfilled. Both Romeo and Juliet enjoy each other's company on their first morning together following their marriage and they do not want to part. Juliet's first visible transformation to adulthood is revealed here. In Romeo's desire to be with Juliet, he is willing to risk capture, and most probably death, in being found within the Capulet walls. Romeo, although maturing in his feelings of love and intimacy is still young and reckless in his behavior. In contrast, upon rationalizing the circumstance of daylight and their being found, Juliet eventually pleads for Romeo to leave "O, now be gone! More light and light it grows." (III, v, 35) To which Romeo responds, "More light and light- more dark and dark our woes." (III, v, 36) The metaphors associated with light (i.e. the sun, the moon, the day) which previously protected their affair is now their enemy. Nature itself has turned upon them

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Someone very special in my life once told me, "Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off of your goals." Upon entering high school four years ago, the majority of us had one goal and only one goal in mind, graduation. Many of us have heard people say that high school is the best time of our lives, so we better enjoy it. With that in mind, we thought that the next four years were going to be a breeze and before we knew it we would be out of here. Well, that is when reality hit us ... Way back in the first few days of September in 1997, we all took our first steps onto the big campus of Conolon High School. For some of us it was exciting and exhilarating, for others it was scary and nerve wracking or even a little or very intimidating. Whatever the rush of emotions that came over us may have been, it was just the beginning. As lowly little Freshman, we had to adjust to high school life. Going from middle school to high school was a big transition whether we wanted to admit it or not. Some of us thought that the change would be easier if we got involved, so many joined athletics, leadership or a club or two; and then there were some that decided to just focus on their studies. Whichever path we decided to choose, we still had the same goal, to just fit in with everyone and start our long journey towards graduation. For our class, the class of 2006, graduation was not going to come easily. We were the class of "firsts", and it all started Freshman year. During that year we all first experienced sleep deprivation. We were not used to staying up late and then having to get up early. Then along came our Sophomore year. Our second year at Conolon introduced us to the wonderful world of rubrics. We we... ...onight is our night to shine and also our time to set new goals. After we leave tonight's ceremony a new life for us begins. It will be time for us to move on to bigger things and it will be our time to overcome more obstacles. We will move on to college, work, starting new careers and starting families. I have faith in each and everyone of you that you will make your dreams become reality. Just remember that if you stay focused on what you want, do what you want and be who you are, your accomplishments will be endless. All of the obstacles that we have encountered and come face to face with during our high school journey, just proved how determined we were to reach our goal of graduation. To add to the long list of "firsts" I would like to be one of the first people to wish Conolon's first class of the new millennium congratulations. Congratulations class of 2006!

Joint Commission Accreditation Audit Preparation

Joint Commission Accreditation Audit Preparation Compliance Status for â€Å"Communication† Priority Focus Area Executive Summary In preparation for the next Joint Commission Accreditation Audit, Nightingale Community Hospital is assessing the compliance status of each of the Joint Commission’s Priority Focus Areas (PFAs). This Assessment covers the â€Å"Communication† Joint Commission PFA. For the previous Joint Commission audit, there were no findings associated with this standard. Since The Hospital has recently undergone a great deal of staff turnover in the Standards and Communication Department, several of the Hospital Directors felt that this may be an area that has slipped in relation to compliance with this PFA. The Communication PFA is comprised of three general standards: †¢UP. 01. 01. 01 Conduct a pre-procedure verification process. †¢UP. 01. 02. 01 Mark the procedure site. †¢UP. 01. 03. 01 A time-out is performed before the procedure. Each of these standards has elements of performance that Nightingale Community Hospital should be implementing through policies, protocols and checklists. Compliance with the performance elements s summarized in a compliance matrix. The matrix identifies the standard, the performance elements of the standard, and how the performance element is implemented. This matrix is an effective tool to assess where compliance gaps exist and it forms the basis for developing corrective action plans. The compliance matrix for the Communication standard in included at the end of this summary. Nightingale Community Hospital is implementing most of the performance standards. There is no documented implementation for the following performance elements. †¢Labeled diagnostic and radiology test results (for example, radiology images and scans, or pathology and biopsy reports) that are properly displayed (UP. 01. 01. 01) †¢When two or more procedures are being performed on the same patient, and the person performing the procedure changes, perform a time-out before each procedure is initiated. (UP. 01. 03. 01) The Hospital is out of compliance with element of performance 3 under standard UP. 01. 02. 01. This performance element should be implemented in the Site Identification and Verification Protocol. The protocol does not identify who is responsible for marking. Additionally, the protocol specifically states that marking is not required for bedside procedures if provider is present the entire time. This flexibility is not allowed in the standard. In addition to these deficiencies, two opportunities for improvement were identified. The Handoff procedure checklist is a useful tool, but there is no mention of this checklist in the Site Identification and Verification Protocol. Also, the Protocol does not address premature infants and the allowance to not perform marking when the mark may cause a permanent tattoo A corrective action plan will be focused on ensuring that the identified noncompliances are corrected and evaluating opportunities for improvement. Specific elements of the corrective action plan are: 1)Revise the Site Identification and Verification Protocol to remove the incorrect information on bedside procedures. Target completion Date: 2/1/2012. Actionee: Standards and Communication Director. 2)Revise the Handoff Checklist to include â€Å"labeled diagnostic and radiology test results (e. . , radiology images and scans, or pathology and biopsy reports)†. Target completion Date: 4/1/2012. Actionee: Standards and Communication Director. 3)Revise the Site Identification and Verification Protocol to include reference to the Handoff Checklist. Target completion Date: 4/1/2012. Actionee: Standards and Communication Director. The results of th is corrective action plan will be examined approximately six months prior to the Joint Commission audit. That will give adequate time to develop and implement further corrective actions, if necessary.

Qualities I Look for in My Friend

qualities I look for in friends Friends are an indispensable factor in our live, just as a main dish in a meal. Frankly, I have a lot of friends. Yet, I don’t know whether they are sincere or just hypocritical. Sometimes, I can’t really figure out. But still, I or should I say everyone, wishes to have friends with good qualities. According to what William Penn says:† A true friend freely, advises justly, assists readily, adventures boldly, takes all patiently, defends courageously, and continues a friend unchangeably. † Penn tries to say that a real and a good friend have a tangible qualities, which every friend look for it on his/her friend.To be honest, trusted, attentive, and funny is qualities I look for when I choose my friend. First, I want a loyal friend. Someone who is honest enough with me. I mean is just tell me frankly what they think about me that can help me to change myself into a better person. Someone who stab me in the front. Who never lie a t me and never drawn a second face. An honest friend lend me the confidence when I lost. Or even can help me to do the right thing not the wrong one. The honesty is a big deal to me in the friend I will choose. Second, trusted is also important as much as honesty in my friend quality.I mean someone who keeps my secrets. Or even can be my secret. However, It is not funny but ironic when someone that I used to trust and call her ‘good friend’ leave me or betray me when I needed her the most. It is extremely painful! It might make me feel like I have taken advantage of, deceived or backstabbed. In conclusion, being my friend mean be my secret. Third, a friend should have to be attentive as well. My friend should share his/her life with me as well as I will do. A friend should never weigh the benefits before helping someone.That is super good when a good friend lends a helping hand in times of need and the extra support gives us a lift spiritually. Related to above, I want to have such a good friend like this but in order to have one, I know I have to be one. In conclusion being attentive is an important quality I ordered in my friend. Last and not least, funny friend could also be important to me. In other meaning funny but good. Someone who see me in need to smile do anything to draw it on my face. Someone who smile a real smile not fake. Moreover, being funny is an unmistakable quality in a friend. friend who tells a funny jocks could also be a good one to have. Finally, I hope my friends will be able to listen of my joys and sorrows patiently and not give any judgments or comments. In conclusion, â€Å"Friendship is a single soul dwelling in two bodies†Ã‚  according to Aristotle. So that, the qualities should be matched to make that relationship. And for me being my friend mean having qualities I missed, so we can complete each other. Meanwhile, Not just anyone can be called your friend. A friend has to first meet several qualifications and have many outstanding characteristics to have the honor of holding such a prestigious title.

Metaphor: exam[les of using Essay

A metaphor is the use of something familiar to understand something less familiar. For instance, if a news report says â€Å"unemployment went down this month,† the familiar feeling of â€Å"going down† helps everyone to understand that the number of people looking for work has reduced. Metaphors are more common than many people think. If you look up the origin of almost any word in the dictionary, you will find a metaphor if you go back far enough. Some psychologists suggest that all of our thinking comes from metaphors, based on how our senses allow us to perceive everyday experiences. In this activity, you will use what you have learned about perception and the embodied mind to make discoveries about how you think. Please answer in complete sentences. Part 1 1. Which of your everyday physical experiences tell you that this hand isn’t actually holding a cloud? How did you learn that clouds are too far away to touch? (5 points) 2. What is the principle of perception that supports the idea that your brain expects that the puff of white between the fingers is a cloud; that is much farther away than the hand? (5 points) 3. Imagine that you are in the scene shown here. You are on a beach, looking out. In the two-track mind model, what are two examples of what the brain is doing on the unconscious level, and what are two examples of what the brain is doing on the conscious level? (10 points) Part 2 1. Think of the concept of leadership. a. What picture comes to your mind when you think, â€Å"leadership†? (3 points) b. What past experiences have you had that make you think of this? (3 points) c. How did your perceptual set and two-track mind contribute to these experiences? (4 points) 2. Think of the concept of unjust. a. What picture comes to your mind when you think, â€Å"unjust†? (3 points) b. What past experiences have you had that make you think of this? (3 points) c. How did your perceptual set and two-track mind contribute to these experiences? (4 points) 3. Think of any concept you have learned about from experience, one where you remember a particular event in your life that helped you learn what this concept meant. a. What picture comes to your mind when you think of that concept? (3 points) b. What past experiences have you had that give you this picture? (3 points) c. How did your perceptual set and two-track mind contribute to these experiences?

How to Ensure Individual Freedom and Community-Building in a Society?

Topic: How to ensure individual freedom and community-building in a society? Every people want to live freely to do whatever they want in a society with freedom and want to communicate with every social groups or governments to build up a good community. If we want to ensure individual freedom I shall briefly that what is the freedom and community is? Freedom is the power or rights to act, speak or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint. Community means that all people living in a particular area or place which call local communities.How to ensure individual freedom and community-building in a society? First of all, Individual freedom is talk about people is given rights to pursue life, liberty and happiness. To ensure individual freedom in society is security. Security is the most important point for the individual freedom because security is the degree of protection to safeguard for citizens live in country. If the country does not maintenance the security for the citize ns or in society have not well developed in security, so the citizens or in society have no freedom to act or rights to do everything and it might be harm in society.But if the society does maintenance the security for the citizens or this country in society will have no war. And also a country which provides citizens live in freedom under well developed in security in everything that they feel free to do anything they want. Hence, people have individual freedom that want to do everything freely because freedom is born out of an understanding of natural law and natural consequences and that drive each of us to be personality responsible for our own actions, to be self-reliant in our thinking and in our work.Second, to ensure individual freedom in society is self-autonomy because self-autonomy is a self-governing in society whom responds for our own actions in society. If we have self-autonomy to do something, to govern in our own decision in society, it seems that we strongly have a bility to do everything. So self-autonomy is another point that seek to individual freedom. For the community-building is creation or enhancement of community among ndividual within regional area or with common interest. To improve community-building we have to make social capital. Because social capital produce a sense of belonging which make an increasing overall health of community. Social capital is a social group that cooperated between citizens and governments that participates in society. To increase evidence shows that social capital cohesion is critical for societies to prosper economically and for development to be sustainable.Social capital is focus on social relations that have productive benefits. It is the most important participates in this society is to make social group and the governments make it to the strong system one to ensure which mean to build up the local communities or social truth governments and create more policies. Thus, to ensure community-building in society is we have social capital which have group of social or governments cooperating to build up the strong community.To sum up, we seems to ensure individual freedom and community-building in a society have many reasons or explanations to describe. For reasons or explanations to ensure individual freedom are security and self-autonomy. If every people live in society does have individual freedom which means that their society must have well developed in security and have self-autonomy. But for the ensure community-building is about social capital which means that all citizens and governments work together with a good community in society.

Delivering a business strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Delivering a business strategy - Case Study Example Some economic, engineering and environment benefits are provided by RCA, as other states have found (Arnold 54). However, these recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) have to meet NJDOT’s quality needs in case they are to be used in PCC. Only 11 states permit use of RCA in PCC, while all but 13 states allow the use of it in base aggregate. Some states also permit its use as miscellaneous aggregate and in HMA (Malinger 26). Through the crushing / grinding of concrete pavements or any waste concrete, RCA is produced, after the removing any reinforcing steel. In the same way the production of aggregate from virgin materials is, production of required gradations is too- through screening and crushing (Malinger 26). However, significant differences between virgin aggregates and RCA have led officials in state transportation in Muchials and New Jersey in adopting RCA as aggregate for PCC acceptably (Arnold 54). The presence of mortar adhering to the Recycled aggregates or cement paste reduces density, increases drying shrinkage, and increases porosity in PCC. The presence of contaminants as well as the quality of the being recycles original concrete are all problems that should be taken in concern additionally (Malinger 24). The two primary sources for use in PCC, of stockpiled RCA are precasters who are interested in reusing surplus materials and class B recyclers who crush and accept concrete waste. Befor e RCA is implemented, those are the issues that must be addressed. Another important component of the project is the preliminary review that has been provided for the expansion of this work, as a part of this proposal (Arnold 54). As the proposers believe, an extensive field installation plan is likely to result to open-ended and long research projects, which address the use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates in PCC. Due to this reason, proposals have been made to include field installation as part of part of the work

Tuberculosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tuberculosis - Essay Example But it is also to be remembered that not all types of tuberculosis are infectious. It is only the TB of lungs which spreads like common cold to other people. Couple of decades ago, TB was considered a dreaded disease, as there was no cure for it, but now TB is a fully curable, provided it can be detected in time. The modern lifestyle and the manner in which we treat our environment are stated to be the biggest reasons for the emergence of newer cases of Tuberculosis. The latest WHO report1 on the disease indicates that, there were an estimated 9.2 million new cases of TB in 2006. The danger of infection keeps growing if the disease is left untreated. The micro-bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known as the most prominent as the one causing the disease. Starting from lungs, gradually the disease can spread even to the central nervous system, if it remains untreated for longer period. Some other micro-bacteria causing the disease include; Mycobacterium microti, Mycobacterium canetti, Mycobacterium africanum and Mycobacterium bovis. Weaker immunity system helps in easier entry of the germs inside the human body. Prolonged coughing, coughing up blood, chest pain, fever are some of the common symptoms of the disease, but it has also been found that sometimes, the immune systems, 'walls-off' the TB bacilli, which can help the bacteria to lie dormant for years. In such cases the person need to initiate medication for preventing the TB from becoming active. And if the infected person is not treated for longer periods, the chances of spreading disease to a healthy person increase. In fact such prolongation can also result in other complications. Therefore it is advised that a person must consult the doctor, if following symptoms are found; A bad cough lasting for about 3 weeks or longer The person suffers from undue and unintended weight losses Coughing up continues for longer period or blood oozes out during coughing. Persons suffers from weakness or fatigue If there is prolonged fever. There are symptoms of Night sweats White blood cells, though accounting for less than 1 percent of total blood volume, play a key role in strengthening the immune system of our body. The blood comprises of six kinds of white blood cells namely: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes, Macrophages, and Lymphocytes. Each of them has a specific role in strengthening the defence mechanism of the human body. Monocytes is the most important WBC types playing a leading role in preventing the Tuberculosis (Nagel and Frey, 2007). With the help of a process called phagocytosis, Monocytes and Macrophages help in protecting the body by engulfing and digesting the bacteria, dead cells or other similar foreign matter. TB can in general be divided into primary and secondary TB. Primary Tuberculosis occurs in previously unexposed, un-sensitized people and such patients are in the danger of developing latent infection. On the other hand secondary TB comes up in patients who have been infected with the germs earlier and previous ly sensitized. Even years after the infection, such a stage might develop, if due care is not taken by the individual. If the initial symptoms are ignored and once the Tuberculosis becomes active, it tends to become incurable and leads to certain death of the individual. Tuberculosis is stated to

Small business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Small business - Assignment Example Did you use a survey/questionnaire? If so, you may like to attach a copy of your survey/questionnaire to the back of this plan.] 11 Market targets[Outline your planned sales targets. What quantity of your products/services do you plan to sell in a planned timeframe? Are they monthly or yearly targets?] 11 Environmental/industry analysis[Detail the results of the market research you have performed. Is the area experiencing population growth? Are there long-term employers in the area? Is the region's economy stable? Are there seasonal variations? 11 Your customers 11 S.W.O.T. analysis[List each of your businesses strengths, weaknesses, opportunities or threats in the table below and then outline how you plan to address each of the weaknesses/threats.] 11 Your competitors[How do you rate against your competitors? How can your business improve on what they offer?] 11 Advertising & sales 12 Vision statement[What is your business' vision statement? It should briefly outline your future pla n for the business and include your overall goals.] 13 Mission statement[What is your business' mission statement? I.e. how will you achieve your vision?] 13 Goals/objectives[What are your short & long term goals? What activities will you undertake to meet them?] 13 Action plan 13 Key objectives & financial review 13 Supporting documentation 13 Business Plan Summary The Business Business name: [Amdrros Restaurant Ltd.] Business structure: [company.] ABN: [xxxx.] ACN: [xxxx] Business location: [Canberra] Date established: [2 February 2013] Business owner(s): [Roz, Joan, Job, Maxwell, Michelle, Joseph, Bob, Joel] Relevant owner experience: [2 Years experience in Food and beverage industry] Products/services: [Fast foods and beverages such as coffee and soft drinks. The anticipated demand in 5 years to reach sales of $500,000 in 3 years] The Market Target market: The target market consists of tourists, working class and students. These customers would want to buy from use because we pr ovide a unique combination of well-priced Fast food, with an amusing ambiance Marketing strategy: We shall rely on variety of marketing programs to promote our business. These include word of mouth/in-Store Marketing, table tents, wall posters, and V.I.P. party, in-store tour given to every new customer, grand opening celebration, outdoor marquee message changed weekly, and annual birthday parties. In addition, we shall have the local store marketing, which will include local charity, car wash site, school programs such as perfect attendance and honor roll, and free T-shirts to guests that line dance with us. The local media will also be a very important marketing channel. This includes direct mail piece, containing interior pictures of our restaurant, our prices and an explanation of our concept. The other aspect is radio campaign, which will be complete with live remotes on our parking lot. We shall also pick the three top local stations with which to place our short and catchy ad s, in addition

Analysis and forecasting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis and forecasting - Essay Example Within these markets they have been able to develop segments and market effectively to them. They are also making steady progress into the educational market. Dell's primary competitor in the PC and peripheral market is Hewlett-Packard; HP #1 in the peripheral market and #2 in the PC market (Davis, 2001). Other rising competitors are Sony, Microsoft and E-Machines. Dell still has a prominent place in the marketplace, but will need to leverage peripherals to stay ahead f the pack. Products are Dell's forte and are targeted at very specific markets. Their placement is based on their direct sales model and more recently through non-traditional efforts like kiosks. Dell's promotional efforts have been effective through the use f traditional advertising on TV and direct mail, while also maximizing the effectiveness f email and the Dell web site. Price is a key differentiator for Dell and the use f state f the art production facilities has enabled Dell to keep their prices very competitive. Dell has been carried through the wave f technology the last 20 years without really contributing any new technology. There is very little spent on research and development, both viewed as crucial for the livelihood f major tech firms. A recent threat is the emphasis on non-traditional competitors, notably Sony and Microsoft, entering the fray and innovatively integrating various digital components together (PDAs, digital cameras, computers, video, etc). To maintain its competitive advantage, Dell must enhance and diversify its line f products offered to consumers and corporations. This will enable Dell to differentiate their offerings from the competition could give Dell a fresh look and enhance their reputation f providing cutting edge technology first. The initial stages f research questioning are key as they set the tone and focus for the final objective and/or opportunity. Clearly determining the end goal is crucial, otherwise the study may be a waste f precious resources (time and money) - or worse, the data analyzed may be misconstrued in such a manner that it would lead to poor business decisions. How do organizations avoid making these costly mistakes By employing the practice f research design to properly structure the study to achieve the desired objectives. Good research is derived, in part, from the following characteristics: clearly defined purpose, detailed research process, thoroughly planned research design, and maintaining high ethical standards. One f the final stages f research questions is deriving the research problem statement. This can be done by generally brainstorming ideas for organizational improvement, such indicating known problem areas f concern, and outlining goals for the organization. For example, Dell has the following goals: (1) conduct research to gather and analyze research new markets, and (2) make new products available to customers who are already intent on purchasing a base computer system. Combining these goals into a problem statement, "What (new) ancillary products could be sold to drive revenue, when combined with (existing) product lines" Dell

The Russian Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Russian Revolution - Essay Example The Russian revolution can be distributed into two time slots. The first slot covers the timeframe when the Tsars left Russia leaving their autocratic fallacies behind. After the departure of the tsarist power in which the autocratic environment did not allow individuals or organizations to be politically active, the provisional government came into existence in which the DUMA took charge forming the provisional government. The DUMA were the elected middle class that caused the tsar to leave Russia, the tsar were at that time in full control over the bureaucratic setup and the army. The Duma however criticized the tsar’s leadership thus converting the country into a provisional government setup. The formation of the provisional setup was a turnaround for the Russian autocratic setup but this too was coupled with conditions. The ruling out of tsar happened when the tsar left the government in the hands of his wife in order to lead and rally the Russian armies. But rumors, ulter ior motives and mismanagement lead to the departure of tsar, a much appreciated and awaited revolution by all classes of the Russian community. The higher and middle class celebrated as they foresee a more focused and strong war effort; on the other hand the lower class associated good living conditions in the form of better wages and food with the formation of the provisional system. However this form of government was anti-reforms and did not support any political reforms. The continuation of war by Prime Minister Alexander Kennedy was considered a sign of national duty by other socialists as well because it avoided the disintegration of the Russian peasant army. The revolution did not stop at the formation of the provisional government, the parallel ruling of the council of workers worked as the rival of the provisional setup. The Petrograd Soviet or the council of workers and soldiers’ deputies consisted of intellectuals who believed in the revolutionary democracy. They c onsidered themselves the product of the new Russia that is free from the autocratic culture and is democratic in nature. The parallel workings of the national socialists and the provisional government continued but there were many dips in the forms of strikes and protests leading to the second part of the revolution that hit Russia in the month of October 1917. In October, Vladimir Lenin’s Bolshevik party took complete control and all parallel forms of government were removed leaving the socialists in charge of the setup. However this setup too had its ups and downs. The true political revolution requires more than mere changes of the ruling hands and it holds greater benefits than just switching from an autocratic setup to a democratic one. The demands of the political revolution involve formation of the organizations that is revolutionary and different from the workers’ organization. The worker organizations specialize in trade but the revolutionaries take up revolut ion as their profession. Revolutions require a professional setup and people with a professional training into revolutionaries. They are different from the workers in their thought processes, intellect, training, education and in their profession. We have seen that revolutions hit the masses directly who become the parts of it, however, the requirement is of organization who deals with