Procedure course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Procedure course work - Essay Example Subsequently, the court executing an appeal will be able to correct errors, which are made in judicial decisions in trial or those made in magistrates’ courts1. However, the upper court has no authority to amend the decisions reached by the magistrates. The upper court can sent back the case to the lower or magistrates’ courts for reconsideration. At the same time, according to the provisions, the upper court has to give reasons for the decisions made in order to eliminate any possible ground for judicial review2. In accordance with the scenario, the Ministry of Justice should review the process in relation to the right to appeals, which are made in the upper court against a sentence and/or conviction. Accordingly, the proposal made by the Ministry of Justice emphasises on removing the right to appeal to High Court by way of case stated or judicial review. Moreover, the proposal advocates that the right to appeal to Crown Court should be amended accordingly so that the judicial process of a re-hearing can be developed as time-efficient. Appeal from the Magistrates' Court to Crown Court As per rules as well as regulations of the judicial systems of the UK, appeals can be made to the Crown Court on certain grounds and provisions. These provisions are recognised to be governed under the ‘Part 63 Criminal Procedure Rules 2010’ (â€Å"the Rules†). The Crown Court is statutorily obliged to deal with cases, which are appealed from magistrates’ courts on certain specific conditions as mentioned below. Conviction and/or sentences, which are made in magistrates courts (section108 Magistrates Courts Act 1980) Orders linking hospital or guardianship (section 45(1) Mental Health Act 1983) Failure of an individual to conform with supervision order (paragraph 11, schedule 3 Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000) Failure in making orders associated with football banning orders (section14A(5A) Football Spectators Act 1989) Sour ce: 3 The Crown Court is also provided with the provision of modifying any sentences as well as any other orders made within a time frame of 56 days from the day on which the decision was made. In certain incidents in case of dismissing an appeal, the Crown Court is required to provide reasons and factors, which are accountable for such an occurrence. It is in this context that the provisions oblige the Crown Court to justify reasons responsible for the rendered decisions. In the case of [R v Harrow Crown Court ex p. Dave [1994] 1 All ER 315, [1994] ! WLR 98] and [R -v- Knightsbridge Crown Court ex p International Sporting Club [1981] 3 All ER 417, [1982] QB 304] it has been identified that it is one of the mandatory duties of the judges to provide appropriate reasons for the decisions as well as the dismissal of appeal of any appellant4. In this context, refusing to provide reasons and information relating to decisions as well as denial of appeal will act as a violation of Article 6 ‘European Court of Human Rights’ (ECHR), which may lead to judicial review of the case5. Stating precisely, the right to appeal is offered to parties who make appeal against certain convictions and/or sentences. According to ‘Part 63 Criminal Procedure Rules’, the application must be made within the 21 days of actual hearing conducted by the magistrates’

Determination of Heat of Solution Essay Example for Free

Determination of Heat of Solution Essay ABSTRACT Thermodynamic values can be determined using the Vant Hoff isochore method. This method entails the use of equilibrium systems to determine the change in enthalpy of the solution, which can b related to the change in internal energy of the solution. The vant Hoff isochore relates the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction at one temperature to the equilibrium constant of the same reaction at a different temperature, allowing it to be worked out for all temperatures if it is known for one. The experiment used the solution of toluene and naphthalene to determine the change in enthalpy. The mole fractions and the tempterature of recrylstallizations were graphed and the slope was determined. From the slope the change in enthalpy was determined to be 3.45J. This implies that energy is absorbed by the system. INTRODUCTION Solutions are very common in nature and in the chemistry lab. They provide the environment in which many chemical reactions occur. Thus, in the chemistry classroom and lab, we are immensely interested in solutions, especially liquid solutions. Solutions are defined as homogeneous mixtures of pure substances in which no precipitation or settling occurs. We often think of solutions as liquids, but we can have solutions of solids (alloys), gases (air is a solution of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and a number of other gases), and a combination of states such as liquid and solid metals (amalgams) and liquids and gases (nitrogen in the blood, carbonated beverages). The ease of dissolution is dependent on two factors: (1) the change in disorder or randomness (entropy) of the system and (2) the change in the energy of the process (heat of solution). The process is generally favored when the degree of randomness increases and the energy of the system decreases (exothermic). When dissolut ion occur the entropy of the system increases. For example, the ions in crystals are highly ordered. Once dissolved, these same ions in solution are relatively disordered. When a polymer is dissolved in a solvent, the heat measured is a sum of a polymer-solvent interaction term and a term related to the structure that existed in the solid polymer relative to its amorphous liquid state. This latter contribution, termed the â€Å"residual† heat, can have an endothermic contribution due to the fusion of crystalline regions and an exothermic contribution due to the disruption of structure in noncrystalline amorphous regions. Toluene, formerly known as toluol, is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners. Chemically it is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, i.e. one in which a single hydrogen atom from the benzene molecule has been replaced by a univalent group, in this case CH3. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial feedstock and as a solvent. Like other solvents, toluene is sometimes also used as an inhalant drug for its intoxicating properties; however, this can potentially cause sever e neurological harm. Figure 1: Structure of Toluene Naphthalene, also known as naphthalin, bicyclo[4.4.0]deca-1,3,5,7,9-pentene or antimite is a crystalline, aromatic, white, solid hydrocarbon with formula C10H8 and the structure of two fused benzene rings. It is best known as the traditional, primary ingredient of mothballs. It is volatile, forming a flammable vapor, and readily sublimes at room temperature, producing a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. Figure 2: Structure of Naphthalene EXPERIMENTAL A. Compounds tested Naphthalene, Toluene B. Procedures An accurate quantity of 15 g of naphthalene was weighed and placed into a test tube. An accurately measured volume of 5mL of toluene was also added. The stopper, thermometer, and stirrer were fitted in the set-up. The test tube was warmed in a water bath until all the solute was dissolved. The solution was allowed to cool in air, and was stirred continuously until an appearance of a solid was observed. The temperature at which the solid was observed was also recorded. Warming the mixture until the entire solid was re-dissolved and allowing the solution to be cooled in air also did a second determination. Another 1mL of toluene was added and steps 3 to 5 were repeated. Another four more 1mL portions of toluene were also added. The mole fractions were determined and graphed with the temperature of recrystallization. From the graph, the slope was determined and from the value of the slope, the enthalpy change of the solution. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The mole fraction of the naphthalene to the toluene was determined and the temperature at which is recrystallized is tabulated below: Table 1: Mole Fraction and temperature of recrystallization Mole fraction| Temp.| 0.45| 67| 0.41| 60| 0.37| 59| 0.34| 56| 0.31| 56| 0.29| 54| Besides calorimetric method of analysis, using the equilibrium system may also be utilized to determine thermodynamic values. This is dependent to the enthalpy change. The mole fraction also interferes with the equilibrium system. Changes in the mole fraction will cause the equilibrium system to shift from one form to another. The process is in isochore, denoting no change in volume. The volume of the naphthalene is not diminished in the process of the experiment. The change in enthalpy is determined by determining the slope of the graph between the inverse of the emperature and the mole fraction. Figure3: Graph of Mole fraction versus the inverse of the recrystallization temperature From the grpah above, there is an inverse relationship between the recrystallization temperature and the mole fraction of naphthalene. As the mole fraction of the naphthalene is decreased, the inverse of the temperature of crystallization is increased. From the slope of the graph, we are able to determine the enthalpy change of the solution. Using the formula: Figure 4: Equation for enthalpy change From the equation above the determined enthalpy change is 3.45 J. Since the enthalpy change is a positive value the transfer of energy is towards the system. REFERENCES [1] Rossotti and H. Rossotti, The Determination of Stability Constants, McGraw-Hill, 1961 [2] Atkins, Peter; De Paula, Julio (2006-03-10). Physical Chemistry (8th ed.). W.H. Freeman and Company. p. 212. [3] NonLinear vant hoff solubility. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6T7W-479CM6F-3M_user=10_coverDate=01%2F31%2F1984_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=search_origin=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1474224563_rerunOrigin=google_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=bc9cac9220a53d018a21b381170d2732searchtype=a. taken September 28, 2010 [4] Vant Hoff Isochore. http://www.scenta.co.uk/tcaep/nonxml/science/equations/details/vant%20Hoff%20isochore.htm taken September 28, 2010.

News Broadcasting Essay -- News Analysis Essays

News Broadcasting On April 7, 1997, I watched NBC 5 News at 6. Warner Saunders (filling in for Ron Majors) and Carol Marin were co-anchors. Because I do not usually watch the news, I found myself seeing it with fresh eyes. For instance, I never before realized how little time is spent on each story within a 30-minute newscast. I knew they were brief, but I didn't know just how brief they were. The story lengths were from 20 seconds to three-and-a-half minutes. Watching the newscast from a critical perspective made me more aware of the role local television news programs play in our lives. I now see that they give people a brief overview of the day's events on the national and local scenes. Because people in today's society have many demands on their time – work, family, school, leisure pursuits – they need to get their news quickly. They rely on their favorite television news programs to keep them informed. They should be aware, however, that the time constraints of a 30-minute local newscast limit the amount of information it can give its viewers. For more in-depth coverage they should supplement the TV news with other media sources, such as newspapers, magazines, and radio news programs. As long as viewers take the inherent limitations into account while they watch the evening news, it is a quick, easy way to stay informed on daily events and unfolding or ongoing stories in their own and surrounding communities. The newscast began with a story on the impending appointment of Chicago's next archbishop and a new development in the story – the addition of Francis George, a dark horse candidate, to the list of possible replacements for John Cardinal Bernadin who died five months ago. The new development and the news that... ...go on April 7, 1997. The announcement of a new archbishop for Chicago is clearly news. So are stories that reaffirm our humanity and the resilience of the human spirit – the drowned high school student, the 13-year-old boy and the 10-year-old girl struggling to come back to life from the brink of death – and, certainly, the story of an innocent 7-year-old girl shot down during a senseless act of violence. Stories of missing boaters and heroic efforts to find them are news as well. Even stories of aberrant behavior and politicians falling from grace are news. However, as I stated earlier, it is important to supplement TV news with other sources of information, e.g., a reputable newspaper, a weekly news magazine, or a radio news broadcast, for more in-depth coverage, insights gained from different perspectives, and any stories not covered in the television newscasts.

Marketing Plan for our adventure club

This Is because If we focus on Increasing the market share then we end up focusing on our needs and wants. However, through our offering, we focus on meeting the customer†s wants and needs, by designing services accordingly. Type of product: Ours is a high involvement, experiential product aimed to be marketed as a hedonistic product. To put it in a nutshell, the product is the experience one can feel or understand only after participation. Core Product: The experience of participating In adventure sports like: Trekking, Camping, Paragliding, Bungee Jumping and horse riding Is what drives our product.While some of the adventure sports offered by us are also provided by our competitors, still we are the only one offering all of them together and that too in the lush green lap of nature. Core Benefits: When an individual â€Å"buys† the product he signs up to enjoy the core benefits of thrill, adrenaline rush, feeling of victory over fear and the feeling of Independence th at he gets while participating In the sports activity he has â€Å"bought†. To top It all, the discerning adventurer gets a feel of multiple sports. All at one location.Thus, some of the key core product attributes are: meets the adventure interests of urban customers * provides adventure in natural peaceful surroundings with no space constraints * Sports/ Adventure Experiences Offered: provides each customer with a basket of varied experiences under one roof * within 50-75 km from the city * Real time experience as compared to virtual gaming worlds The Augmented Product: As is evident from the interviews, reports in the media and the results of our survey, the adventure seeking college goers and unmarried professionals are interested in the core benefits of adrenaline rush and feeling of independence.Therefore Adventure', apart from offering these core benefits, also aims at providing the customers the enhanced benefit of spending quality time with the family while out on an adventure trip. Based on favorable responses to our focused questions during our interview, the augmented product entails the following: a. Camping as a non-adventure family experience to be accompanied by bonfire. This would be marketed as a stand-alone experience. B. A Family Pack including adventure sports and relaxation, a weekend away from the hectic life, all together at a single place, thereby, providing value to everyone c.Special product designed for large choice. Trekking, camping along with fun filled outdoor games can be excellent team building activities. Augmented product Attributes: * 2 day 1 night package for long term thrills * Complete family puller * Catering to all individuals and groups like students, professionals and corporate. Key Product Quality: Value for money with international adventure sports standards. Customization Offered: Pick and choose from among the various adventure sports packages offered.Reliability: All adventure sports performed under the s upervision of World class professionals Greatest focus within our service quality would be to ensure highest standards of safety. This would be done through rigorous third party audits and continuous assessment of safety systems in place. Branding: Adventure : Discover Yourself! Perceived Product Value with Price: Middle Market Service point of view: A. People: * Employees: The employees are a bunch of young and dynamic professionals who are refreshingly informal while approaching the different customers. Punctuality: Employees are always available on time for the customers 24*7 * Training: Employees at our club are people with a relevant degree in a course which links an understanding of industry provisions, social and psychological aspects of adventurous and extreme sports. As part of the course they must have gone through an integral residential field trip. Our staff is experienced and highly qualified in their respective fields. * Motivation: The employees are constantly motivat ed through a flat structure at our adventure club and given performance based rewards.Feedback is collected from the customers and incentives are given to the employees preferred or recommended by the customers. * Teamwork: World class certified professionals competent enough to be able to handle emergencies faced. They are well trained to teach the outdoor adventure skills and risk management techniques with organizations like NOELS (USA), Outward Bound (I-J), along with a number of adventure schools of India like HIM, MIM. * Culture: All the employees are treated as the members off Family. All the success or failures are shared together as a team.B. Physical Evidence: * Equipment: The entire range of equipments required for our adventure sports is mostly manufactured outside India. We plan to import good certified equipments manufactured in compliance with the International Safety Standards from best laity distributors e. G. The entire range of equipment for paragliding is importe d from Supper, which is the most trusted brand in paragliding equipment industry. Also, bungee Jumping equipment is imported from Nanning Quenching Amusement amusement equipments. Facility design: We are located in a site in the north zone of Bangor, which is known for its lush green natural surroundings. The site is easily accessible through public transportation. We have adequate parking space, roads have been paved to our club from the main road, and our site is free from the pollution and noise of the traffic in the city. Our facility development partners have helped us with the best site for each sport, safety incorporation such as a bounded fence for some exclusive sports like bungee Jumping.We also have relaxation zones where a family can have a great time together. Bounded Fence for Safety Relaxation Private zones for Family * Signage: The entire surrounding is marked with legible indications and signboards which help in identifying the location pertaining to each sport and also for food and stay areas. Support staff is available at designated points after intervals to help people get familiarized with the zones. Areas specially designated for sports bear instructions specific to sport along with actions needed when faced with emergency. Employee Dress: Our entire team is easily approachable for any kind of guidance or help during the process, because of the informal but common dress code that is in place. The outstanding color of the t-shirts helps as a quick clue for identification. * Reports/Statements/Guarantees: Annual feedback service reports to be emailed to all customers who have availed our services in the last one year including families, friends, corporate groups and individuals. C.Process: Customization is the undercurrent of all our offers, which allows groups to interact with us about their interests and also seek help in identifying the best package which suits them. One of our assisting staff is assigned to each group to help them for t he entire period of stay, for both single-day and weekend packages. 1) The simple sequence of steps involved in the process is as listed below: * Availability check: Enquire for availability of accommodation for the group by mentioning the size and probable time of arrival- This can be done through our website, www. Adventure. Com or through our telephone service.There is an option of selecting the suitable package by talking to our control team employees, who have the expertise to offer the best package in line with the group's interest, demographics and any constraints. * The price for the entire package can be enquired at this time or after arrival, and the choice should be intimated to our personnel. * Arrival at Adventure, followed by indulging in the unique facilities offered * Excitement and fun while engaging in the sports * Go home with a lingering thrills Quality: All our activities are accredited by adventure activities licensing authority Pricing:We shall introduce the p roduct, Adventure, with a penetration pricing. Considering the nature of our venture, it is important that we achieve the following: * Attract the innovators and enable trial of the experiences and services. * Ensure maximum capacity utilization. * Deter existing players from adding capacity and offering the sports not yet offered. * Reducing the per customer cost of providing expert supervision and considering the high capital investments required in the project.Pricing method to be followed: We have decided to price our offering on the principles of perceived value pricing. The perceived value of our offering was arrived at by a survey conducted in which various price points were offered to be chosen amongst. It is our endeavourer to ensure that there is a gradual increase in the customer perceived value through focused promotional activities, which are being discussed below. The going price, offered by substitutes and competitors was also closely studied before arriving at the pr ice points.

How Effective Is the Media in Creating Dissatisfaction in the Body?

How effective is the media in creating dissatisfaction in the body image of teenage girls? 1. Introductory Paragraph – Attention Grabber: 75% of teenage girls have a celebrity they look up to for a body image they would like to have according to the National Institute on Media and the Family. – Definition of Body Image: Body image refers to one’s sense of his or her own physical appearance influenced by his/her personal experiences, personality and various social and cultural forces. Thesis Statement: The trouble these days is that the media is constantly and greatly impacting the teenage girls of today’s generation who are aged 13 to 19 years of age to having a negative and distorted body image which leads to psycho-physical problems which cause teenagers to go to extremes in order to achieve what they perceive as the ‘perfect’ body. – Question: Do you feel ashamed, self-conscious and anxious about your body? If you do not, you have a negative body image and this essay is meant for you. 2. Supporting Paragraph 1 Topic Sentence: Teenage girls have an increasing desire to be either ultra-thin or to have more sex appeal under the influence of the media which cause a negative body image. – In the magazine, you can see what is considered as the ‘perfect’ woman and what is not the most ‘in’ thing. Teenagers shape how they see themselves based on what they see on television, magazines, newspapers and websites. – Media images depicting ultra-thin and digitally altered women models are the reason for body dissatisfaction in girls.What they see mostly in these advertisements are tall, skinny, flawless, and beautiful women selling fashionable products. – Fashion marketers use provocative marketing campaigns featuring young teenage models such as Abercrombie & Fitch and Guess. These ads are selling more than just clothing to teens. They are also selling adult sexuality. Moreover , the media’s trending definition of beauty as portrayed in celebrities and models would be having a curvaceous bodyline, and large breasts which supposedly increase the sexuality of a woman. Thus, they would eventually feel that they have to look like these perfect flawless women in order to be considered beautiful, though this ‘perfect’ appearance is one that few people can ever attain. Teenage girls are influenced and under constant pressure to be thin, beautiful and highly sexualized and this brings me to my next point on the severe impact of stimulating marketing campaigns. 3. Supporting Paragraph 2 – Topic Sentence: Teenage girls are both mentally and physically affected by pursuing such perfect body images as ensued by the media. Pretty pictures we see in magazines are often not what we would see in real life. However, teenagers aspire and go to extremes to get the ‘look’. Therefore, the media is responsible for creating ideals about bo dy image and the influenced teenagers suffer from inferiority complex and resort to unhealthy practices in order to achieve their perception of the ‘perfect’ body. – Firstly, the ultimate effect of the media on teenagers would be depression, and a loss of self-esteem. A study in 1995 found that spending 3 minutes looking at models in a fashion magazine caused 70% of the women to feel depressed, guilty and ashamed.Also, it has caused the development of unhealthy eating habits as the media often brings about the message that physical perfection is what we should all strive for if we want to be successful. – Being strongly influenced by the media, teenagers who are striving for the ‘perfect’ body and to achieve a strong sense of ‘achievement’ by reducing their weight will eventually start eating disorders. Teenage girls therefore follow blindly to achieve the ‘perfect’ image and suffer from psychological problems such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. refer to page 2 and 3 – preteens) – These psychological problems then lead to physical problems (refer to page 2 – teens) 4. Supporting Paragraph 3 – Topic Sentence: Not only do teenage girls suffer from psycho-physical problems, but they also go to extreme means and take drastic measures such as plastic surgery in order to achieve the perfect body crafted by the media which in turn, creates more health problems for girls. – A study done by BBC stated that three-quarters of girls who have had plastic surgery think it has improved their lives and 71% would do it again.During 2010, there were over 93000 people who had the plastic surgery in USA (if they cannot achieve the perfect body naturally, they would rather do so artificially. ) – Many girls want to undergo plastic surgery as they are obsessed with creating the ‘perfect’ body. Thus, they are open about having normalized surgery.  œ A dying young woman, Lisa Connell spent $40,000 on plastic surgery as she strongly desired to die looking like movie star Demi Moore. She was convinced that surgery would make her look as beautiful as Demi Moore who endorses cosmetic surgery herself. . Concluding Paragraph – After considering the points above, one has to agree that the media has negatively impacted teenage girls both mentally and physically and has caused the desire to have the ‘perfect’ body to take control of their lives. One thing is certain. The media are to be blamed for the 80% of girls who responded to More! Magazine that images of women on television and in the movies makes them feel insecure. The term ‘beauty’ holds different meanings and understandings to every individual teenage girl.The media has a large influence of what society believes is beautiful and what is not and made teenage girls feel insecure and fear that they are not good enough. However, the numerous probl ems and damaging impacts of such a negative body image are devastating and one must be sure that aspiring for such beauty is not the way to go about life. Inner strength is the key towards a happy and successful life and not beauty. We were all crafted and made by God and there is no need to bother about who you are or what you look like. The important thing is to love yourself and that is all that matters.

Free Essays on Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act, which is now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), was first passed in 1975. Congress found that most handicapped children were not receiving an appropriate education. Believe it or not millions of children were excluded from school completely. This law was needed to assure that children with disabilities would receive free appropriate public Education (FAPE). These children were also in need of support services to help them learn and achieve their goals. Once IDEA was put into effect they had to come up with a way to properly disciple these children with special needs. In the IDEA reauthorization of 1997, Congress recognized that in certain instances school districts need to be more flexible with special educations students when dealing with discipline issues. A special needs child like any other can be suspended from school for their wrong doing. However, as of 1997, the laws stated that a child with disabilities can not be suspended from school without educational services for more than 10 consecutive days. This means that when a child is suspended they must be moved to an alternative setting which provides educational services, therapy, or anything stated under their individual IEP plan. If a child commits a larger crime they are allowed to be suspended for no longer than 45 days. All educational services must still be available to the child. The main reasons for a child with special needs being removed from their school setting for long periods of time would be due to bringing in dangerous weapons or guns or intentionally bringing, selling, or doing drugs at school or on school property. In this case the student is usually moved to an alternative setting for up to 45 days. Changing the setting of the child can be a decision made from the IEP team, without the authority of a Hearing Officer. Although, for a longer removal in placement as in ... Free Essays on Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Free Essays on Individuals with Disabilities Education Act The Education for All Handicapped Children Act, which is now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), was first passed in 1975. Congress found that most handicapped children were not receiving an appropriate education. Believe it or not millions of children were excluded from school completely. This law was needed to assure that children with disabilities would receive free appropriate public Education (FAPE). These children were also in need of support services to help them learn and achieve their goals. Once IDEA was put into effect they had to come up with a way to properly disciple these children with special needs. In the IDEA reauthorization of 1997, Congress recognized that in certain instances school districts need to be more flexible with special educations students when dealing with discipline issues. A special needs child like any other can be suspended from school for their wrong doing. However, as of 1997, the laws stated that a child with disabilities can not be suspended from school without educational services for more than 10 consecutive days. This means that when a child is suspended they must be moved to an alternative setting which provides educational services, therapy, or anything stated under their individual IEP plan. If a child commits a larger crime they are allowed to be suspended for no longer than 45 days. All educational services must still be available to the child. The main reasons for a child with special needs being removed from their school setting for long periods of time would be due to bringing in dangerous weapons or guns or intentionally bringing, selling, or doing drugs at school or on school property. In this case the student is usually moved to an alternative setting for up to 45 days. Changing the setting of the child can be a decision made from the IEP team, without the authority of a Hearing Officer. Although, for a longer removal in placement as in ...

Free Essays on Hells Angels

The People Mother Warned You About During World War II, a group of military planes roared across Europe’s skies known as Hell’s Angels. The people in these crews were tight knit gentlemen. Not a single drunkard in the group of pilots. They helped many times in defeating the enemies in the islands. In 1948, a punk on the streets of San Bernardino stole the name and used it for his motorcycle gang that defied authority wherever they spread. From then on whenever someone hears the name Hell’s Angels, you think of nothing but bikes, beers, babes, and brawls. In the beginning Sonny Just wanted to find a group of guys who liked to ride motorcycles and would come together at the first sign of trouble, much like a family would. Finding new recruits to put through this process was a long and toilsome task. Recruits had to undergo a long period of evaluation to prove that they would never let their brothers down and always support the club, no matter what (Walter Kern 1). Along the way the Hell’s Angels found themselves in direct opposition with the law, and always for a variety of reasons. The ties of brotherhood were strong though, should any Hell’s Angels member have a run-in with the law, all of the present Angel’s members were expected to help in some form or another. Whether that meant posting bail money, or hiring a legal team to fight the charges. The concept of a family was definitely present in their organization, unlike other groups where at the first sign of trouble everyone scatters. Fighting the Hell’s Angels soon became like fighting an angry swarm of bees intent solely on protecting the hive from any and all external forces that may approach (Walter Kern 1). California is still the holy land to all Hell’s Angels members, but like any good club they’ve expanded. They now have about 2,100 members in about 193 chapters worldwide. Some chapters are in South Africa, Belgium, and Canada. In fact a ... Free Essays on Hell's Angels Free Essays on Hell's Angels The People Mother Warned You About During World War II, a group of military planes roared across Europe’s skies known as Hell’s Angels. The people in these crews were tight knit gentlemen. Not a single drunkard in the group of pilots. They helped many times in defeating the enemies in the islands. In 1948, a punk on the streets of San Bernardino stole the name and used it for his motorcycle gang that defied authority wherever they spread. From then on whenever someone hears the name Hell’s Angels, you think of nothing but bikes, beers, babes, and brawls. In the beginning Sonny Just wanted to find a group of guys who liked to ride motorcycles and would come together at the first sign of trouble, much like a family would. Finding new recruits to put through this process was a long and toilsome task. Recruits had to undergo a long period of evaluation to prove that they would never let their brothers down and always support the club, no matter what (Walter Kern 1). Along the way the Hell’s Angels found themselves in direct opposition with the law, and always for a variety of reasons. The ties of brotherhood were strong though, should any Hell’s Angels member have a run-in with the law, all of the present Angel’s members were expected to help in some form or another. Whether that meant posting bail money, or hiring a legal team to fight the charges. The concept of a family was definitely present in their organization, unlike other groups where at the first sign of trouble everyone scatters. Fighting the Hell’s Angels soon became like fighting an angry swarm of bees intent solely on protecting the hive from any and all external forces that may approach (Walter Kern 1). California is still the holy land to all Hell’s Angels members, but like any good club they’ve expanded. They now have about 2,100 members in about 193 chapters worldwide. Some chapters are in South Africa, Belgium, and Canada. In fact a ...

Battle of Blenheim in the War of Spanish Succession

Battle of Blenheim in the War of Spanish Succession Battle of Blenheim - Conflict Date: The Battle of Blenheim was fought August 13, 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714). Commanders Armies: Grand Alliance John Churchill, Duke of MarlboroughPrince Eugà ¨ne of Savoy52,000 men, 60 guns France Bavaria Duc de TallardMaximilian II EmanuelFerdinand de Marsin56,000 men, 90 guns Battle of Blenheim - Background: In 1704, King Louis XIV of France sought to knock the Holy Roman Empire out of the War of Spanish Succession by capturing its capital, Vienna. Eager to keep the Empire in the Grand Alliance (England, Habsburg Empire, Dutch Republic, Portugal, Spain, the Duchy of Savoy), the Duke of Marlborough made plans to intercept the French and Bavarian forces before they could reach Vienna. Executing a brilliant campaign of disinformation and movement, Marlborough was able to shift his army from the Low Countries to the Danube in only five weeks, placing himself between the enemy and the Imperial capital. Reinforced by Prince Eugà ¨ne of Savoy, Marlborough encountered the combined French and Bavarian army of Marshall Tallard along the banks of the Danube near the village of Blenheim. Separated from the Allies by a small stream and marsh known as the Nebel, Tallard arrayed his forces in a four mile-long line from the Danube north towards the hills and woods of the Swabian Jura. Anchoring the line were the villages of Lutzingen (left), Oberglau (center), and Blenheim (right). On the Allied side, Marlborough and Eugà ¨ne had decided to attack Tallard on August 13. Battle of Blenheim - Marlborough Attacks: Assigning Prince Eugà ¨ne to take Lutzingen, Marlborough ordered Lord John Cutts to attack Blenheim at 1:00 PM. Cutts repeatedly assaulted the village, but was unable to secure it. Though the attacks were not successful, they caused the French commander, Clà ©rambault, to panic and order the reserves into the village. This mistake robbed Tallard of his reserve force and negated the slight numerical advantage he possessed over Marlborough. Seeing this error, Marlborough altered his orders to Cutts, instructing him to simply contain the French in the village. At the opposite end of the line, Prince Eugà ¨ne was having little success against the Bavarian forces defending Lutzingen, despite having launched multiple assaults. With Tallards forces pinned down on the flanks, Marlborough pushed forward an attack on the French center. After heavy initial fighting, Marlborough was able to defeat Tallards cavalry and routed the remaining French infantry. With no reserves, Tallards line broke and his troops began fleeing towards Hà ¶chstdt. They were joined in their flight by the Bavarians from Lutzingen. Trapped in Blenheim, Clà ©rambaults men continued the fight until 9:00 PM when over 10,000 of them surrendered. As the French fled southwest, a group of Hessian troops managed to capture Marshall Tallard, who was to spend the next seven years in captivity in England. Battle of Blenheim - Aftermath Impact: In the fighting at Blenheim, the Allies lost 4,542 killed and 7,942 wounded, while the French and Bavarians suffered approximately 20,000 killed and wounded as well as 14,190 captured. The Duke of Marlboroughs victory at Blenheim ended the French threat to Vienna and removed the aura of invincibility that surrounded the armies of Louis XIV. The battle was a turning point in the War of Spanish Succession, ultimately leading to the Grand Alliances victory and an end of French hegemony over Europe.

My Approach to Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My Approach to Ethics - Essay Example Considering their ancient religious (Christian) roots, the above norms can be regarded as general rules for all people. In this case, ethnic origin, social position, political views, place of living, living standards and other factors are easily ignored. In my opinion, observance of general ethical norms helps to keep harmony in such multinational countries as Australia, United States and Canada. As a Canadian citizen I come across their ubiquity in everyday life. At present I am an independent personality with rich life experience. It helps me to understand importance of Christian ethics and morality for all people. Many of them are non-Christians and even atheists, but problems of evil versus good or sense of life are universal. Such ethical norms are unlimited. I am a disabled veteran of Department of Army of Canada. My opportunities are narrower as compared with healthy people. For example, it refers to level of social activity, doing sports, traveling. â€Å"Aside from obvious cases of physical disabilities, such as loss of a limb or paralysis, a large percentage of discharged servicemen and service woman suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental illnesses, thus disabling them.† (Ryang, 2006) Nevertheless, my present state should be considered as negative and disadvantageous. Ethical norms have been assumed as a basis of modern jural state and social relations. In Canada a large portion of state budget is intended for social support of the disabled. It includes not only social/disability allowances, but also helps them to remain full-fledged citizens and lead quite active social life. According to Sonia Ryang, only 23% - 40% of disabled veterans get a full scope of social allowance and services. This problem is actual even in such highly-developed countries as the USA or Canada, where the number of Iraqi or Afghan disabled soldiers grows steadily. They are entitled to home care free of

Assignment- Top Urgent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assignment- Top Urgent - Essay Example With the evolution of the club into a global enterprise, a significant proportion of the authentic supporters of Manchester United felt alienated by this novel trend towards profit maximization and corporate sponsors. The bursting coffers of Manchester United started attracting hostile takeovers by early 2005. In particular, coveting aspirations of the American investor Malcolm Glazer, least interested in football, commensurately attracted the ire of the Shareholders United, a front of small shareholders owing a sincere allegiance to the club. An impressive number of supporters even managed to float a parallel club. Eventually, Glazer managed to have his way by purchasing a majority stake in the club. The British government preferred to leave the matter to the shareholders. In this altered scenario, Glazer came out with his aggressive corporate plans. In the meantime, the Shareholders United not only swelled in following, but also managed to garner free legal representation and popul ar financial and organizational support. Glazer attempted to dilute such opposition by dedicating some funds for the upkeep of sports and the sportsmen. By June 2005, United reverted to private ownership, courtesy the loans accrued and the support of old veterans. In the existing scenario, the club seems to be the cause of rift between its businesses minded owners and its dedicated fans and small shareholders. In the post Glazer scenario, the club has undoubtedly managed to do well, going by its augmenting fan following around the world, the generation of massive revenues, bee lining sponsors and lucrative merchandizing. Therefore, for the time, the things definitely stand to be propitious for United. However, considering the immense growth potential of football as an international sport, the owners may loose to the upcoming competition from other clubs, if

Austerity Measures Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Austerity Measures Summary - Assignment Example At first the author perceived that she can easily cope up with such a diet. The author stated that living on the food items provided and cooking them was very difficult for her as she had stopped cooking food on her own. She states that the food she was consuming never satisfied her or the other participants and only fulfilled the need of having food. Two days later the challenge required the participants to eat at St. Anthony’s where they were provided with food comprising of heavy quantity of calories. The author states that she was quite happy having that food. The author states that an official of the Hunger Challenge told her that poverty was a major issue in San Francisco and people were actually facing poverty due to expensive cost of living. The author states that the entire experience made her realized how difficult it was to live in poverty. She concludes that organizations that are out there to help the poor are very essential and they need to be heavily supported b y the common

The Therapist's Perspective of Using Modern Communication Technology Essay

The Therapist's Perspective of Using Modern Communication Technology to Deliver Psychosexual Therapy - Essay Example Moreover, the paper will focus on the therapist’s perception of working with sexual issues using modern communication technology. The paper will also address the therapist’s perception of the challenges, strengths of process, and the effectiveness of psychosexual therapy delivered using modern communication technology. Examples of modern communication technology to be discussed in the paper include mobile phones and computers with the use of Skype, Internet, video conferences and video calls, social networking and instant text messaging. The therapist’s perspective of using modern communication technology to deliver psychosexual therapy Introduction The rapid advancement of technology over the last decades has heralded a significant change in the development of technological applications in psychotherapy. The use of modern technology in psychological counselling has become extremely common and popular in the world of today. This has seen widespread usage of moder n technological devices in the world of psychotherapy. The various psychological devices used in the world of psychotherapy and psychological counselling include computer-administered therapy, self-help Internet sites, virtual reality therapy, adjunctive palmtop computer therapy, and the use of biofeedback through physiological monitoring (Gladding, 2004). Therapists prefer to use technology owing to the various advantages and benefits that it offers. Technology contributes significantly to giving clients feedback regarding what causes or contributes to their problems and their response to the therapy administered by the practitioner. Therapists have employed the use of technology such as computers, video calls, instant text messaging, among others in counselling couples who have psychosexual problems. What is Psychosexual Therapy? According to Evans (2008), psychosexual therapy is part of marriage counselling where the therapist works with two people in a relationship. As part of m arriage counselling, psychosexual therapy aims at assisting couples to understand their conflicts and resolve them with an aim of improving their relationship. At the end of the counselling sessions, the couples should have gained the ability for better communication, problem solving capacities, and know how they can negotiate their differences. During the counselling sessions, the couples get help from the therapist about sexual issues and other essential issues in the relationship. Some of the issues addressed during marriage counselling encompass anger, sex problems, illness as well as problems in communication. To manage the resulting stress and conflicts, couple counselling through psychosexual therapy becomes very essential. Psychosexual therapy entails some form of treatment by qualified practitioners addressing emotional problems or sexual dysfunctions in a relationship. Psychosexual counselling helps solve the problems, which may be causing distress to a couple in a marriag e or partners in a relationship. As a behavioural programme, psychosexual counselling explores and discusses the sexual problems openly and dwells on the emotional blocks that the couple has. Some of the issues addressed through psychosexual therapy in men include premature ejaculation, erectile failure, as well as retarded ejaculation. The key dysfunctions encountered by women encompass orgasmic dysfunction, dyspareunia, and vaginismus (Mcleod, 2009). The therapists have their own perceptions while working with couples in a

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Reflection - Essay Example Studies conducted in the past have elucidated the fact that human behavior is learned. Therefore, to acquire a strong personality and as well acquire skills and knowledge that would help me in achieving my goal of managing a school as a principal requires a lot of practice. This paper is a personal reflection on my leadership development. Transformational leadership theory application To manage a school successfully and effectively, I will be required to have strong leadership skills. Therefore adopting a transformational leadership style will be necessary. As a principal in a school, adopting a transformational leadership style means that I will have the ability to effectively control state of affairs and various circumstances that avail themselves within the school. According to Marshall (2010): Transformational leadership is a style in which the leader identifies the needed change, creates a vision to guide the change through inspiration, and executes the change with the commitmen t of other. Transformational leadership taps into the emotional and spiritual resources of an organization. It is a process of developing the leadership capacity of an entire team. Transformational leaders inspire others to achieve what might be considered extraordinary results. (3) Leadership qualities may be acquired through learning. This is the reason why I chose a course that is associated with leadership development. ... In my trips, I have been able to associate myself face to face with principals in a number of schools and subsequently I have built a social network with them. Many of these principles act as my mentors. Through their mentoring and advice, I have been able to acquaint myself with practical knowledge and first hand experiences in managing a school. This is a clear indication that my course in human development and leadership has been offering a platform that I will use as a springboard to accomplish my goals in life. There are various hurdles faced my many principals in schools today. As an aspiring school principal, I will have to identify my outstanding qualities and attributes and direct them towards management and leadership practices as transformational leadership requires. How a school principle will manage a school will highly depend on his/her individual attributes. For instance, my ability to communicate clearly will ensure that both the learners and teachers grasp and compre hend any information and facts I will be relaying to them. This will necessitate me, as the principal of that particular school to adapt an appropriate leadership method or technique. A good and effective leadership technique such as a transformational leadership style puts into consideration the needs and requirements or each and every stakeholder involved in the learning process. In this case, it will be important for me to familiarize myself with each and every teacher within the school as this would be helpful in planning and implementing strategies. Through successfully and effectively completing this course, I will have gained the necessary skills and knowledge that will enable me to adapt a transformational leadership style.

Will email details Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Will email details - Essay Example rt for the world to see the Negro’s capability of beauty, that the black man or woman is no different from the rest of humanity with his or her expression of beauty. He saw race more as a matter of social and cultural influence rather than the biological and hereditary influence or color of skin. Dubois, on the other hand, saw the pragmatic use of the art to advance the cause of the Negro. Thus, he called for Negro artists to look back at Africa for inspiration and to dig deep within their Negro character to best represent it in the art. Thus, artists such as Jacob Lawrence, Loà ¯s Mailou Jones, William H. Johnson and others responded with their visual arts. Thus, artists such Jacob Lawrence and William H. Johnson responded by depicting that blacks could be beautiful by literally portraying Negroes in his painting in accordance with Locke’s philosophy as what we can see from his painting in Poor Parlor, Self Portrait and Chain Gang. Artists such as Loà ¯s Mailou Jones proved in their paintings the Negro’s capability for aesthetics as they painted beauty of equal magnificence such as the work in Fishing Smacks, Menemsha, Massachusetts and Les Pommes Vertes (The Green Apples) proving that the Negro is equally capable. In a way, the futurism art movement was a celebration of the industrialized world which is contradictory to other artists who retreat from the hustle of the big industrialized cities as they create their works. Their method ranged from abstraction to photography depicting actions, objects and insignia of industrialization. For example Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà  , Luigi Russolo, Giacomo Balla, and Gino Severini created Poesia as an abstraction of the horse that moves goods and people before the introduction of motorized vehicles. In their other works, they also portrayed the working man and woman suggesting that indeed, beauty can be seen in toiling in the city. Practical art form such as signs has a useful impact on me. Messages conveyed

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Reflection - Essay Example Studies conducted in the past have elucidated the fact that human behavior is learned. Therefore, to acquire a strong personality and as well acquire skills and knowledge that would help me in achieving my goal of managing a school as a principal requires a lot of practice. This paper is a personal reflection on my leadership development. Transformational leadership theory application To manage a school successfully and effectively, I will be required to have strong leadership skills. Therefore adopting a transformational leadership style will be necessary. As a principal in a school, adopting a transformational leadership style means that I will have the ability to effectively control state of affairs and various circumstances that avail themselves within the school. According to Marshall (2010): Transformational leadership is a style in which the leader identifies the needed change, creates a vision to guide the change through inspiration, and executes the change with the commitmen t of other. Transformational leadership taps into the emotional and spiritual resources of an organization. It is a process of developing the leadership capacity of an entire team. Transformational leaders inspire others to achieve what might be considered extraordinary results. (3) Leadership qualities may be acquired through learning. This is the reason why I chose a course that is associated with leadership development. ... In my trips, I have been able to associate myself face to face with principals in a number of schools and subsequently I have built a social network with them. Many of these principles act as my mentors. Through their mentoring and advice, I have been able to acquaint myself with practical knowledge and first hand experiences in managing a school. This is a clear indication that my course in human development and leadership has been offering a platform that I will use as a springboard to accomplish my goals in life. There are various hurdles faced my many principals in schools today. As an aspiring school principal, I will have to identify my outstanding qualities and attributes and direct them towards management and leadership practices as transformational leadership requires. How a school principle will manage a school will highly depend on his/her individual attributes. For instance, my ability to communicate clearly will ensure that both the learners and teachers grasp and compre hend any information and facts I will be relaying to them. This will necessitate me, as the principal of that particular school to adapt an appropriate leadership method or technique. A good and effective leadership technique such as a transformational leadership style puts into consideration the needs and requirements or each and every stakeholder involved in the learning process. In this case, it will be important for me to familiarize myself with each and every teacher within the school as this would be helpful in planning and implementing strategies. Through successfully and effectively completing this course, I will have gained the necessary skills and knowledge that will enable me to adapt a transformational leadership style.

CHESAPEAKE BAY STORM SURGE, SEICHES, AND FLOODING Research Paper

CHESAPEAKE BAY STORM SURGE, SEICHES, AND FLOODING - Research Paper Example s and light wind shear, the resilient southeasterly winds in the right-front quadrant of the storm forced water in Chesapeake Bay to move northward as a single layer, which eventually formed flooding and high sea levels in the northern region of the bay including Annapolis and Baltimore (Ming et al., 2006). Apparently, the hurricane traveled from northwest on an almost conventional line that had mysteriously emerged 3 days prior to the landfall and persisted to the eventual dissipation of the hurricane over the Great Lakes (Ming et al., 2006). After hurricane Isabel passed the west land side of Chesapeake Bay, the prevailing wind direction changed from northeasterly to southeasterly, and the land along the coast was inundated causing severe erosion in the bay (Gao & College of William and Mary, 2011). In the bay, the utmost sustained wind reached 30.8 miles/second in Virginia with squalls that were as high as 43.7 miles/second, water levels reaching 5 feet over the average tidal echelons in Annapolis Maryland, a substantial increase in turbidity and salinity levels in the bay to approximately 10-4 psu/m (Ming et al., 2006). If Hurricane Isabel had approached the bay from the east side, the direction of the wind would have changed from northeasterly to northwesterly, thus causing melodr amatic differences in the bay’s barotropic response. In Washington, D.C., the largest surge reaching 2.7m over the ordinary high tides was created as a result of the arrangement of the long fetch of the lower Potomac River and southeasterly winds. The figure below portrays the storm surges and sea level distribution in Potomac River on 19th September, 2006 around 0400 hrs. At the same time, sea echelons in the arctic bay were rising speedily. From the figure, it is ostensible that the water was blown into the bay by Isabel’s strong southeast-to-southerly winds. Moreover, moving at a speed of 1.5 ms-1, this water was dripped against the head of the bay. However, the high sea

Economys production possibilities Essay Example for Free

Economys production possibilities Essay Problem Set 2 Complete all questions listed below. Clearly label your answers 1. What impact would a change that shifts an economys production possibilities curve outward have on the long run aggregate supply curve? How have improvements in computer technology affected production possibilities and the long run aggregate supply curve? Explain Answer: Growth of population and the labor-force participation rate Capital accumulation Improvements in technology 2. Construct the AD, SRAS, and LRAS curves for an economy experiencing: (a) full employment, (b) an economic boom, and (c) a recession. (Graphs can be hand drawn or done by computer; label all curves and axes clearly.) a=full employment; b=boom; c= recession 3. What is a budget deficit? How are budget deficits financed? Why do Keynesians believe that budget deficits will increase aggregate demand? Answer: A budget deficit occurs when the government spending exceeds government revenue in a given time period, usually one year. Budget deficits are financed by a countrys bonds. In the U.S., its financed by Treasury bills, notes and bonds. This is the governments way of printing money. Actually, it is creating more credit denominated in that countrys currency. However, it has the same effect it lowers the value of that countrys currency. As bonds flood the market, the supply outweighs the demand. The Keynesians believe that when aggregated demand exceeds productive capacity of the economy, the federal government can prevent inflationary overheating by reducing demand with a budget surplus generated by a combination of less spending and higher taxes. 4. When output and employment slowed in early 2008, the Bush Administration and the Democratic Congress passed a legislation sending households a check  for $600 for each adult (and $300 per child). These checks were financed by borrowing. Would a Keynesian favor this action? Why or why not? Answer: No, the Keynesian would not agree with this action because their opinion is generating a combination of less spending and higher taxes, not giving away money.

Chasing Zero Essay -- Health, Preventable Medical Error

Chasing Zero is a documentary which was meant to both educate the viewer on the prevalence of medical harm as well as to enlighten both the public and health care providers on the preventability of these events (Discovery, 2010). The documentary expounded on the fact each year more people die each year from a preventable medical error than die due to breast cancer, motor vehicle accidents or AIDS (Institute of Medicine, 1999). Medical harm can result from adverse drug events, surgical injuries, wrong-site surgery, suicides, restraint-related injuries, falls, burns, pressure ulcers and mistaken patient identities (Institute of Medicine, 1999). Incidences of medical error have been reported in the media for many years. The most startling revelation in the documentary is how common medical errors are and how preventable they are. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) reported in 1999 that between 44,000 and 98,000 people die each year in the United States due to a preventable medical error. A report written by the National Quality Forum (NQF) found that over a decade after the IOM report the prevalence of medical errors remains very high (2010). In fact a study done by the Hearst Corporation found that the number of deaths due to medical error and post surgical infections has increased since the IOM first highlighted the problem and recommended actions to reduce the number of events (Dyess, 2009). The premise of â€Å"Chasing Zero† is to reduce the number of deaths due to healthcare harm to zero. Leading authorities on healthcare quality, such as Charles Denham, believe that all of these deaths are preventable and can be eliminated (Discovery, 2010). Dr. Denham along with the Texas Medical Institute of Technology (TMIT) are dedicat... ...vers, clinical and non-clinical leaders of hospitals and international subject matter experts. The Texas Medical Institute of Technology, through programs such as Chasing Zero, is bringing a public voice to the issue of healthcare harm. The documentary is a stirring example of the quality issues facing the healthcare system. In 2003, the NQF first introduced the 30 Safe Practices for Better Healthcare, which it hoped all hospitals would adopt (National Quality Forum, 2010). Today the list has grown to 34, yet the number of preventable healthcare harm events continues to rise. The lack of standardization and mandates which require the reporting of events contributes to the absence of meaningful improvement. Perhaps through initiatives such as those developed by TMIT and the vivid and arresting patient stories such as Chasing Zero, change will soon be at hand.

Poem Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night :: Dyland Thomas

In the poem "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night," written by Dylan Thomas, emphasizes resistance towards death as he repeats this exhortation in the last line in every stanza. Imagery is used by Thomas to create the theme of his poem and what it means. Although readers are unaware of the details behind the on coming death of Thomas father, the motives of the author for writing this poem are very obvious. Thomas intends to pursuit his father to resist against death and for him to fight for life. Through "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night," Thomas conveys resistance towards death with images of fury and fighting to symbolize the great anger and rage Thomas feels towards the thought of loosing his dying father, though upon first reading then seem banal. Initially, Thomas uses images of fury and fighting in the lines "do not go gentle", "good night" and "dying of the light" to emphasize the resistance towards death. With these images, Thomas conveys death as the end and where darkness prevails. He takes his stand within concrete, particular existence. He places birth and death at the poles of his vision. Excessive images of anger and rage towards death exemplify the passion Thomas feels for life. Secondly, Thomas brings into action images of "burn" and "rave at close of day" to show and emphasize the resistance towards death. Contrasting images of light and darkness in the poem create warmth of living and the coldness of death, so as to discourage people from choosing the dreary, bitter frigidity of death. In addition, Thomas uses images of " wise men" and " grave men [who] have not used their blinding sight" to tell his dying father that all men smart or ignorant, need to resistance towards death.

Harnischfeger Corp Essay

I. Introduction In 1984 Harnischfeger Corporation was a leading producer of construction equipment. During the decade of the 1970s the company experienced tremendous growth. Annual sales grew from $150 million in 1970 to $646 million in 1981. However the company began to experience financial trouble in 1979. This was caused by a variety of factors: the company wasted a large amount of resources on an unsuccessful merger, the government of Iran defaulted on a $20 million order of equipment after the fall of the Shah, and the U.S. economy was in a period of recession with double digit rates of inflation. The company posted an operating loss in 1979 for the first time since 1938. The company’s financial difficulties continued until 1984. At this time management decided that restructuring was necessary if the company wanted to survive. (Harnischfeger, 1985) II. Restructuring Strategy The overriding objective of restructuring the company was to return to sustained profitability. The goals of the plan were four-fold: managerial/personnel changes, production cost reduction, change in overall business focus (e.g. in foreign joint ventures, and high technology areas), and a restructuring of debt (Palepu, 2000). The new executive position of Chief Operating Officer was created. Two new members of the executive team were hired in order to help push the company in a new strategic direction. As a result, engineering, manufacturing, and marketing divisions underwent significant changes in order to cut costs and reorient the company’s product offerings toward more profitable markets. (Palepu, 2000). The company started to focus its business on more overseas markets, where demand for mining and construction equipment remained strong. A relationship was established with Kobe Steel, Ltd., in which Harnischfeger agreed to source all of its construction cranes for sale in the US through the Japanese company. In addition, a contract to sell $60 million worth of mining shovels was entered into with the People’s Republic of China (Harnischfeger, 1985). Lastly, the company restructured its debt into three-year loans that required the company to maintain certain levels of cash, receivables, and net worth (Palepu, 2000). Accounting Strategy The new management at Harnischfeger implemented aggressive changes in accounting policy in an effort to make the company appear more profitable. The major areas in which accounting policy was substantially effected were in: changes in depreciation methods on assets, the use of LIFO liquidation in inventory valuation, the restructuring of the employees’ pension plan, a change in the way some types of sales were recognized, and a change in the fiscal year for foreign subsidiaries. (Palepu, 2000). In addition, management significantly altered the percentage of sales allocated to allowance for bad debt. Analysis shows that management exercised a great deal of flexibility allowed under GAAP in order to raise net income for 1985. Motivation for Accounting Strategy The new management has two long-term goals in mind. First, to increase the company’s presence in high-tech areas such as aerospace and pharmaceuticals and second, to make the company more global. These goals seem to require the company to pursue an aggressive earnings management strategy. In the short term the company needs joint ventures to survive. These joint ventures will provide Harnischfeger access to many new foreign markets and could be a potential source for cheaper labor. Effective earnings management could convince partners like Kobe Steel to be more receptive to investment in Harnischfeger. In addition the company needs cash to be able to participate in joint ventures that may require cross investment to build factories, hire foreign employees etc. Cash is also needed to invest in high tech industries which usually require large capital outlays in research and development. Management had strong motivation to show a profit in 1984. First, the company was preparing for its 100th anniversary celebration, and therefore needed a quick turnaround. As trivial as it sounds, this consideration probably sped up the timetable to recovery via aggressive accounting policy. Second, and more tangible, the restructuring plan included a provision which would award top executives an additional 40% of their base salary if the company achieved its financial goals for the year. Amazingly, management could receive another 40% of salary if the company outperformed those goals! III. Accounting Changes Effect of change in Sales Calculation Effective November 1, 1983, Harnischfeger incorporated products purchased from Kobe Steel, Limited and then re-sold by the company, into its net sales. During previous accounting periods, only the gross margin on these products was recognized as sales. As a result, both aggregate sales and cost of sales increased by $28 million. This accounting change did not have material impact on the overall net operating income as stated in the financial statement, however, it did have an influence on the quality of earnings, which is reflected by profit margin. Profit margin dropped to 1.44% from 1.55%, reflecting a 7.1% change in profit margin, after such a change was in place. The management claimed that this change â€Å"reflected more effectively the nature of the Corporation’s transaction with Kobe,† (Palepu, 2000, p.3-39) and we agree with the management’s view for two major reasons. First, Harnischfeger was operating in a macro business environment in which the company had to significantly reduce cost to survive. Outsourcing, an effective way of transferring production cost to more effective producers, could make the Harnischfeger focus on its core strength in product development capability and high brand power penetration. Second, Harnischfeger did phase out its own manufacture of construction cranes in Michigan and enter into a long-term agreement, under which Kobe would supply construction cranes. Also, effective November 1, 1983, Harnischfeger adjusted some subsidiaries’ ending period to September 30 instead of the previous ending July 31. This had the effect of lengthening the 1984 reporting period for these companies from 12 months, to 14 months, and increased sales by $5.4 million. Assuming these companies had the same profit margin as the parent, the change increased cost of sales by $4.3 million. We agree that the influence on net income is immaterial and that this change reflects more effectively the subsidiary’s business operation. But it does represent a one-time event which should be corrected for during analysis of the company’s potential for future profitability. Effect of Changes in Depreciation Method In 1984, Harnischfeger changed its depreciation policy for financial reporting purposes to a straight-line method from a principally accelerated method. A net income of $11 million was realized for 1984 when the straight-line method was applied retroactively to all assets depreciated under the accelerated method. The management viewed this as an approach to match the company’s standard with that of industry peers. We agree with the management in a way that this approach provides comparable standard. However, the timing of this action is questionable. This approach artificially improved the company’s financial strength in the short run and helped Harnischfeger negotiate its debt restructuring process with bankers. In the long run, however, the straight-line method will reduce profit in the years to come. Also, it was too aggressive to realize this income just in a one-year period, which reflected the incentive for management to achieve profit. In addition, Harnischfeger extended its estimated depreciation lives on certain US plants, machinery and equipment, and increased residual value on certain machinery and equipment. These changes resulted in an increase of $3.2 million in net income in 1984. Again, this reflected incentive for profit realization. The then-current high interest rate environment was supportive for residual value upward-adjustment, however, there were great risks involved. First, interest rate was on a down-trend after it peaked in 1982. Second, the liquidity of Harnischfeger machinery, for heavy-machinery manufacture, was low. Also, extension of depreciation lives would increase the maintenance costs and reduce profit in the years to come. Therefore, we suggest that Harnischfeger’s depreciation policies be closely watched when the economic environment changes Effect of LIFO Inventory Liquidation Harnischfeger reduced its inventory level in 1984, 1983 and 1982, resulting in a liquidation of LIFO inventory. This liquidation process led to gains when inventory, acquired at a lower cost in the earlier years, were sold at a higher price, resulting from higher inflation. Net income in 1984 increased by $2.4 million (in the form of gains), and liquidity was improved on the balance sheet. We view this as a sound business decision when the management can reduce operating cost by decreasing inventory level. Effect of Changes in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Harnischfeger, for some reasons, adjusted its allowance for doubtful accounts to 6.7% of sales for 1984 from 10% of sales in 1983, resulting in $2.9 million in operating income for 1984. The company might try to increase sales by aggressively extending credit to doubtful customers, risking losing all of relevant sales. This is very skeptical as Harnischfeger gives no explanation. Effect of Changes in R&D Expenses Harnischfeger significantly cut its research and development expenses to $5.1 million in 1984, from $12.1 million in 1983 and $14.1 million in 1982. In 1984, operating profit was pumped up by $9.1 million when Harnischfeger didn’t follow the same level of R&D activities in 1983, reflected in the percentage of R&D as of sales. This is controversial to management’s strategy of focusing on the high technology part of its business and will damage its strength in the future. We conclude, therefore, that the management managed to increase profit by reducing R&D expenses on purpose. Effect of Changes in Pension Plan The company states, in the footnotes of its 1984 financials, that its salaried employee pension plan was well over-funded. The policy of Harnischfeger was to â€Å"fund at a minimum the amount required under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.† (Palepu, 2000, p.3-38) This probably meant, in light of recent financial difficulties, that the company intended to fund at the minimum. Over-funding most likely came about as a result of the company reducing its workforce by about 45% in 1983. Harnischfeger terminated its Salaried Employee Retirement Plan in 1984, and created a new plan. This new plan included in increased minimum pension benefit, which probably served to make the pension restructuring more appetizing to employees. Cash resulting from the liquidation of the original plan was divided into two groups: $36.7 million went toward purchasing individual annuities in order to cover the obligations of the original plan, and $39.3 million went into an account called â€Å"Accrued Pension Costs†¦[to be] amortized to income over a ten-year period†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Palepu, 2000, p.3.42) This pension plan change has three significant effects on the financial statements. First, pension expense was reduced in 1984 by $4 million. Second, net income increased by $3.9 million. Third, and most importantly, the company was able to show a positive cash flow for the year. Without this one-time injection, cash flow would have been ($7.6 million). Bottom Line: Financial Performance, Net of Accounting Changes The purpose of our analysis is to arrive at an estimated net income based only on the company’s core operations. That is, to determine its financial health without the distraction of one-time events and earnings management. The first step is arrive at a revised sales figure. The next step is to construct a table summarizing our estimation of Harnischfeger’s net income, net of the effects of all the accounting policy changes: Note that our analysis has tax-affected the result of changes in the fiscal year of subsidiaries, and the annual amortization amount for pension fund gains. Critique of Accounting Changes Our issue is not with the fact that Harnischfeger management now has an aggressive accounting strategy and is engaged in earnings management. Indeed, it seems perfectly reasonable to bring all subsidiaries under one fiscal year timetable. This will result in administrative efficiency. Also, the change in recognition of costs and revenues of Kobe Steel equipment is logical. Next, the company claims that all changes in depreciation policy are made to conform with other manufacturers in the industry. Further, the pension plan restructuring was authorized by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, and we have no other sources of information which cast the move in doubt. It seems logical that cutting the number of employees by 50% should cause a similar change in pension plan funding. In short, these accounting changes may be largely justifiable even though they represent aggressive earnings management. We do take issue with the fact that all of these accounting changes occurred in one year. That is, it seems suspicious that financial stability is neatly restored just in time for the 100th anniversary of the company, when executives stand to make an additional 80% of their salaries if goals are surpassed. As further proof of the validity of this concern, we see a contradiction between the decrease in R&D spending, and the company’s new strategy to explore different high technology product lines and services. Further, extension of depreciation lives for plant and equipment seems like a shameless way to increase net income. Finally, a dramatic decrease in the percentage allowance for doubtful accounts is difficult to justify, especially in a period of rising receivables. In conclusion, it seems that the company is taking a huge risk by betting that this one-time boost in income and cash will allow the company to successfully expand internationally and grow in new high tech areas and become profitable once again. IV. Financial Outlook Rather than a full recovery, it seems 1984 performance may be simply an aberration. Management cannot hide the effects of operations inefficiencies and uncooperative markets for long. We are encouraged by the fact that our estimated net $.41 loss per share far outshines the 1983 loss of $3.49. But we expect to see a negative cash flow in 1985, brought on by the absence of the one-time pension plan change. Contributing to this is a high balance in accounts receivable, which rose by 37.5% from 1983 to 1984. And at the onset of a decreasing interest rate environment, we expect the company to be burdened with high interest expense well into the future. Note, too, that the aggregate effect of the changes in depreciation policy will mean higher depreciation costs in future years. This, coupled with higher maintenance costs as equipment ages, will mean significantly higher operating costs. Finally, we expect the company to show a loss for 1985.

Oscar Micheaux

In auteur theory, a term originated by film critic Andrew Sarris in his essay, â€Å"Notes on the Auteur Theory†16, there is a desire to outline the personal vision of the director. This is said to be the key instrument to understanding filmmaking. In addition, he writes the question is how does a director express personal vision? The concern is how this theory is used to examine the initial â€Å"obsessions† and â€Å"thematic preoccupations† of the director versus the original creator or author. This essentially becomes a study or attempt to outline the director's desire and/or personal statement. The purpose of the auteur theory is then to analyze films if not to understand the characteristics that identify the director as auteur. In the study of film criticism, during the 1950s, the basis behind â€Å"auteur theory† studies how a director's film reflects the director's personal and creative vision, as if the director was the original creator or author. Francois Truffaut, the famous French film director and critic, maintains that a good director (including the bad ones), exhibits such a distinctive style if not promotes a consistent theme that his or her influence is unmistakable in the body of his or her work. Like Truffaut, Andrew Sarris believed through analyzing film, an ‘auteurist† becomes appreciative of directors whose works detail a marked visual style as well as those whose visual style was less noticeable but whose movies reflected a consistent theme. As a result of this influence by critics like Truffaut, the auteur theory and â€Å"auteurism† have become a very crucial and influential aspect of film criticism since 1954. African American Film Producer-Director Oscar Micheaux is an often overlooked auteur in contemporary film criticism. He created films depicting black life from 1908 to 1950, on what he felt were realistic terms, while also providing entertainment for the black movie going audience during that time. His films, unlike previous depictions, contained a range of types and attempted to show that blacks were often just as rich, educated, sophisticated and cultured as whites. 1 His films embodied who he was as a black man during hostile racial prejudice in America. Because of this particular style and the meaning behind his films, Micheaux has been criticized primarily for presenting a class system based on color in his ovies. A possible sacrifice he was forced to make after his films depended on white financing after the Great Depression. 3 As Sarris noted, the classification of an â€Å"auteur†, is that a director must accomplish technical competence in their technique, personal style in terms of how the movie looks and â€Å"feels†, and interior meaning. In order to classify Oscar Micheaux as an auteur, these three premises as Sarris defines them, will evidence Micheaux’s work as an auteur based upon the process he utilized to create these films, their negative and positive reception by audiences and critics. In addition, the further study of how African American Cinema has been received and contributed to understanding black cultural traditions will evidence the basis and criteria behind his work. Micheaux’s films, were unmistakable allegories of his own life, just as movies by Charlie Chaplin, D. W. Griffith, Orson Welles and other notable directors at that time, depicted their vision of America. 15 In order to understand and better examine the works of Micheaux, it is important compare the reception of two of his best received films. Based upon a story he had written, the film â€Å"Homesteader† was chronicled by the Chicago Defender to define the â€Å"new negro† whereas the critiques by both white and black audiences differed about his film â€Å"Within Our Gates†, which was his response to D. W. Griffith’s â€Å"Birth of a Nation. Oscar Micheaux’s body of work along with other films of the â€Å"race movie† film genre, often called race films, existed in the United States approximately from 1915 to 1950. These films primarily consisted of movies produced for an all black audience, featuring black casts. These films were often low-budget and technically inadequate, due to very little or no backing from any of the major Hollywood Studios. Like other independent black filmmakers of the time, his work and films were considered â€Å"rough†. 1/11 Financial limitations, typically impacted his style and work. 13 Micheaux wanted his brand of films to contrast and differ from earlier depictions of blacks as portrayed in minstrel shows, subservient, â€Å"happy-go-lucky† or as savages. By utilizing what author Gladstone Yearwood defined as an â€Å"afrocentric† model, understanding the body of work created by Oscar Micheaux, will evidence his pioneering endeavours to create and develop the aesthetic of African American thought that reflected cultural priorities that delineated from the dominant society. 17 Additional references from articles, journals and critiques of his work will be used to examine the strategies and techniques he invented and adapted to use motion pictures as a means to create his films. For his black audiences, Micheaux believed in emphasizing black themes. The themes he often focused on included blacks passing for white, intermarriage, injustice of the courts against blacks, and even the sensitive subjects of lynching and the Ku Klux Klan. 3 Micheaux used his movies to deliver a message. Because of this, Micheaux’s films were often controversial and censored. While they were shown nationally, his movies were either screened at special matinee’s or midnight viewings, when and where blacks could attend. The third and â€Å"ultimate† premise of the auteur theory by Sarris pertained to and concerns with the interior meaning. Sarris defined interior meaning as an extrapolation from the tension between a director’s personality and his material. 6 Ossie Davis, an African American film actor, stated, â€Å"There were black people behind the scenes, telling our black story to us as we sat in black theaters. We listened blackly, and a beautiful t hing happened to us as we saw ourselves on the screen. We knew that sometimes it was awkward, that sometimes the films behaved differently than the ones we saw in the white theater. It didn't matter. It was ours, and even the mistakes were ours, the fools were ours, the villains were ours, the people who won were ours, and the losers were ours. We were comforted by that knowledge as we sat, knowing that there was something about us up there on that screen, controlled by us, created by us – our own image, as we saw ourselves†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 6 Micheaux produced seven novels and approximately forty films, all for black audiences from 1913 to 1948. The influence of Oscar Micheaux’s earlier film career is evidenced by his intent to present positive images of African American life that no other filmmaker was showing at that time. Often considered technologically inferior, Micheaux’s use of editing and film techniques helped him to depict and present some of the most controversial issues of that era. Micheaux had to overcome his own objections, and then proceeded to use film as a means to communicate his ideas, and to do what had not been done before him. That was to portray blacks with dignity and respect.

Moral Self-Knowledge in Kantian Ethics Essay

In the article titled, Moral Self-knowledge in Kantian Ethics, Emer O’Hagan discusses Kant’s views and ideas concerning self-knowledge and the role it plays in duty and virtuous action. O’Hagan first introduces a key feature of Kant’s ethical theory which is its recognition of the psychological complexity of human beings. O’Hagan uses this recognition of psychological complexity by Kant to dive into Kant’s feeling on self-knowledge. Once a basic understanding of Kant’s attitude towards self-knowledge has been established, O’Hagan then uses Kant’s ethical theory to show how self-knowledge can be used as a means to help determine the goodness of an action. The arguments presented by O’Hagan are logical and clearly supported and verified through the presented evidence. Kant is shown to have recognized the psychological complexity of the human being in recognizing that, â€Å"judgments concerning the rightness of actions are vulnerable to corruption from self-interested inclination† (O’Hagan 525-537). Kant is saying that that even though an action may start out as from duty, our internal feelings as human beings can create a beneficial end as a means for the action, thus rendering it not from duty. Kant also recognizes that our own judgments about us may not be accurate. Moral self-development is a practice to develop accuracy for our self-judgments and takes into consideration one’s motives for action. O’Hagan tells us that this moral practice requires moral self-knowledge which is a form of self-awareness disciplined by respect for autonomy, the theoretical foundation of Kantian ethics. According to Kant, the first command of the duties to oneself as a moral being is self-knowledge. This is the ability to know yourself in terms of whether your heart is for good or evil and whether your actions are pure or impure. Kant describes duties of virtue to be wide duties, in that there is not a clear standard for how one should go about performing action for an end that is also a duty. O’Hagan tells us that Kant’s duty of moral self-knowledge is the duty to know one’s own heart. Kant tells us that moral self-knowledge is quite difficult because it involves abstracting, or taking a non-biased analysis of one’s self. Because we are bound to our own feelings and inclinations, we cannot completely separate ourselves from our own bias. The power of self-knowledge is the power to see things in objectivity instead of subjectivity. The final step of the argument is relating self-knowledge to determining the goodness of an action. O’Hagan tells us that developing self-knowledge will develop one’s self-understanding and will develop guards against self-deception. Using these skills to truly understand one’s heart allows for one to know one’s motives, and thus practical stance in action. According to Kant, the goodness of an action is determined by one’s motives, so the goodness of one’s action can now be evaluated. O’Hagan clearly demonstrates the importance of self-knowledge in Kant’s theory of ethics and validates its importance by describing application for use of the practice of self-knowledge (O’Hagan 525-537).

The Role of Tourism in Mexico Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

The Role of Tourism in Mexico - Term Paper Example In a candid statement, Ruiz states that the industry can additionally add a point to its current standing a factor likely to place it as the second biggest revenue contributor in Mexico. In the last year, the industry minted 12.7 billion dollars in foreign exchange. This is according to JP Morgan and Company report. As things stand now, the industry trails the oil and manufacturing industry. The Latin’s America second best performing economy registered a record of twenty four million visits in the past year (Mente 23-25). This statistic is 2.6 percent increase in comparison to the number of visits registered in the past one year. Reports from the World Tourism Organization indicate that the worldwide visits of tourists have just clocked the 1 billion mark. An increase of 4.1% has been registered in what is commonly referred to as international visits abroad. Similarly, arrivals to the advanced economies rose by 3.6% as the World Tourism report indicate. The role of tourism in the Mexican economy reaches far and wide. It boosts investment levels, creates jobs, and increases potential earnings. Reports additionally indicate that it creates one employment opportunity out of every eleven. The benefits of the industry are far reaching to the Mexican economy because it not only provides employment opportunities but also spurs the development of the surrounding region. The industry in the same line disseminates vital information relating to the nation’s natural and cultural attraction. The advantage emanates from the various options that the country offers to its visitors. The most notable include the pre Columbian civilization heritage and the inclusion of archeological sites as vital symbols of the countries identity. On top of these, the country is endowed with various beaches and an integration of millenary traditions within its major cities. Historical elements

Equal Opportunity and the Law in the United States Research Paper

Equal Opportunity and the Law in the United States - Research Paper Example There are numerous research papers, books, journal articles and many other web sources which provide a detailed account of history of law making related to equal opportunity in United States and its prevailing practices along with application. In order to examine the general treatment of equal employment opportunity, it is important to evaluate the prevailing law in United States. According to details provided by department of labor (2012), no discrimination in the pursuit of providing and employment and financial assistance, must be exercised on the basis of age, disability, gender, immigrants and veterans. However, as far as veterans are concerned, it is important for the employers to ensure the validity of the working permits and residential visas. Where the details given on this website are reflective of United States’ policy about equal opportunity, its reliability an authenticity is evident by the source itself. The website is owned and managed by US department of labor (DOL) and only reflects the policy of US federal government towards employment laws. The relevant clauses referred on this website are related to Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974 (VEVRAA), The Age Discrimination Act of 1975, Section 188 of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA), Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Executive Order 11246. Instead of stating complete acts and bills, the website only refers to the related areas entailing anti-discriminatory policy related to implement and education. Another source which provides details of equal opportunity laws is the website of Equal Opportunity Commission appointed by United States government. The commission is responsible to ensure that there are necessary legal procedures in place in order to enforce equal opportunity as a legal requirement. The commission has presented guidelines which cover financial assistance, employment and education (EEOC, 2009). Through these guidelines, the US gov ernment has provided a clear structure to private employers, state and local governments, educational institutions, employment agencies and labor unions which provide details of relevant acts and bills, refraining from any kind of discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, race, religion, disability, marital status and gender (EEOC, 2009). Another important addition in EEOC guidelines is Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 prohibits employers from requiring any kind of genetic information from the applicants, employees and their relatives. This clause is to ensure that personal independence and privacy of any individual is not exploited. The content mentioned in this web source is reliable as it is extracted from the website of Equal Opportunity Commission which is a body representing government. Also, the content is elaborated with the help of prevailing legislation, therefore its authenticity cannot b doubted. In order to understand how equal opportuni ty became part of US law and an integral component of human resource management, the book written by Frank Dobbin (2011), named as ‘Inventing Equal Opportunity’ is one of the most preferred books. The book provides details as to how the equal opportunity regime was developed, adopted and accepted. According to Dobbin (2011), Equal opportunity law is an offshoot of Civil Rights 1964. Dobbin further asserts that it is

Organizational behaviors and leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Organizational behaviors and leadership - Essay Example Advance scenarios played reflection 20 5.2 Appendix II leader self-sight reflection 22 1.0ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORS AND LEADERSHIP 1.1Introduction Ability to not only influence but also inspire others to endeavor the leader towards leaders’ goal is referred to us leadership. On the contrary, it is argued that leadership is a process of an individual influencing others to attain a certain goal. Further, it is important to realize that leadership can be those qualities that viewers see but on the other hand, cannot describe. Leadership is manifested in the following ways, when there is a crisis and someone comes in to solve, or when someone influences others, or when some people tent to follows others. To crown it all, leadership usually comes in a visible state when there is someone who responds to something innovatively. Four main theories for generations erupt as follows: there are traits theories, contingency theories, behavioral theories and lastly transformational theories just to mention but a few. According to the article written by John Mark, it is evident that all of the four theories outlined above none of them is neither time bound nor mutually exclusive. However, according to experts, it is true that each of the generation above, it has to some extent benefit to the leadership debate although still debate continues up to date. There are different titles that are used to describe the division of modern management. Therefore, leadership can be discussed under the following categories, for instance charismatic leadership in the current ongoing debate on leadership that replaces transformational leadership. Secondly, there is an approach based on skills, self-management, and leadership that involves sharing just to mention but a few. Due to the above, it is pertinent to approach the above phenomena with the model of leadership that is classical. The following are some of the pertinent traits that a leader should have. It is, a leader should have a need for achievement, resolution, and courage, capacity to motivate individuals and should have trustworthiness character just to mention but a few. The above figure shows the New Reality of Leadership 1.2VIRTUE LEADERSHIP PRACTICE AND THEORY 1.2.1Origins of Leadership Theory According to the great man theory, it is evident that there are those people who are born naturally as a leader. The article goes further to site people like Alexander the great and Caesar Julius. In addition, people like Mahatma and bush George are related in the theory of Heroic conception of leadership (1880) as being leaders by natural phenomena. This is due to their high level of clear vision and ambitions to their destinations. The above is because they have a unique set of personal qualities, which propelled